摘要： 对影响一串红品质的几个性状F₁中表现进行了分析,以期为一串红杂交选育提供指导。以4个自育品种红粉佳人、橙香公主、白马王子、彩铃红和一个国外品种展望紫为亲本,进行不包括正反交在内的双列杂交,配制成10个杂交组合,对F₁子代植株性状、花部性状和开花期进行统计分析。结果表明,F₁株高、茎粗、叶面积、花序粗、花序长、花序轮间距、花轮数、盛花期8个数量性状的平均值分别占中亲值的104.87%,126.01%,123.79%,111.09%,147.41%,134.32%,120.84%,94.51%,且有超亲个体大量出现,F₁整体表现出明显的杂种优势,但不同组合杂种优势不同。杂交F₁只有红色和紫红色2种花色,玫红色、橙色和白色植株未出现。各性状中,除叶面积和花轮间距外,其他性状遗传变异系数均在15%以内,变异较小。亲本选配环节最好选择花轮间距较小的品种;以矮株为F₁代育种目标时,杂交亲本双方尽量都选矮株;亲本花序较短的杂交组合,其F₁也会表现出强杂种优势,花序明显增长;要获得新颖花色的子代,应采用花色新颖复杂的亲本进行杂交或者做F₂至多世代的选育。经过综合比较,红粉佳人×展望紫、彩铃红×红粉佳人、展望紫×橙香公主组合的F₁表现较好。

关键词: 一串红, 杂交育种, 遗传表现, 杂种优势分析

Abstract: Crossbreeding was an important method of breeding.While conventional selection was more widely used in new Salvia splendens cultivars and the materials of crossbreeding were limited.So we analysed the performance in F₁ of some characters.Hoping give some guidance to the Crossbreeding of Salvia splendens.We studied the genetic performance of some characters in F₁ with 10 cross combination which was a complete diallel cross compsed of five distinct cultivar,Hongfenjiaren,Baimawangzi,Cailinghong,Chengxianggongzhu and Vista purple.Except for Vista purple,four of the parents were our own cultivars.The main characters we focused on were some traits of plant,flower and flowering period in F₁.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area, inflorescence diameter, inflorescence length, flower internode, flower wheel number, full-bloom period in F₁ increased obviously which their mean were 104.87%,126.01%,123.79%,111.09%,147.41%,134.32%,120.84%,94.51%.It existed a large amount of over-highparent individuals and F₁ shows significant hybrid vigor and varied from diffierent combination.F₁ color did't show any segregation and all cross combination generations showed red or purple with rose,orange, white and purple disappearing.Except for leaf area and flower internode,the other traits had mean coefficients less than 15% and showed small variability.It was necessary to choose the short-instance-inflorescence parents.More short F₁ groups origed from more short parents.While Short inflorescence crosses could also get long groups in great vigor,which give more spaces in the choose of parents inflorescence.traits.New and complex flower color,more generation choose contribute to the harvest of new color cultivar;Hongfenjiaren×Vista purple,Cailing hong×Hongfenjiaren;Vista purple×Chengxianggongzhu had perfect appearance in F₁.

Key words: Salvia splendens, Crossbreeding, Genetic performance, Analysis of hybrid vigor

中图分类号: 

• S681.03