摘要： 本文以黄淮地区6个夏大豆品种（系）通过双列杂交保留下来的F₃代材料,研究大豆6个形态性状的遗传特性.结果表明,株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数、主茎荚丛数和茎粗5个性状均符合加性—显性模型.而底荚高则存在非等位基因之间的互作效应.株高、有效分枝数、主茎节数和主茎荚丛数为部分显性,茎粗存在超显性现象.主茎节数和主茎荚丛数可能有相似的遗传特点.豫豆8号大豆带有较多的控制株高的显性基因,油84-30大豆带有较多的控制分枝和茎粗的显性基因,而尖顶大白角大豆控制主茎节数和美丛数的显性基因较多.

关键词: 大豆, 形态性状, 遗传特性

Abstract: In this paper F3 data of diallel crosses of 6 soybean varieties in Huang-huai Valleys were used to study genetic property for 6 morphological characters. The results showed that a simple additive-dominance model was suitable for plant height, number of podding branches, number of nodes and clusters on the main stem and stem diameter; while interaction effect among non-allelic genes existed in the heights of lower pod. Plant height, number of podding branches, number of nodes and clusters on the main stem showed partial dominance, and overdominance existed in stem diameter. Number of nodes and clusters on the main stem demonstrated similar genetic properties. yudou 8 had dominant genes to control plant height, Oil 84-30 had those ones to control number of podding branches and stem diameter and Jianding Dabaijiao had the dominant genes to control number of nodes and clusters on the main stem.

Key words: Soybean, Morphological character, Genetic property