摘要：

为了建立基于氯酸盐的大麦氮高效筛选体系,探究氯酸盐处理对大麦幼苗的影响,并鉴定出对氯酸盐反应有差异的大麦种质材料,用于将来的大麦氮高效分子机理研究和育种。以18个上海地方品种和3个主栽品种为供试材料,在人工气候室进行水培试验,分别设置2 mmol/L KNO₃(CK)和2 mmol/L KClO₃处理,处理4 d后,测定大麦幼苗的苗高、根长、地上部和根干质量。结果表明:氯酸盐对大麦苗期生长有明显的抑制作用,特别是苗高和干质量。方差分析表明,所有性状在氯酸盐处理和正常培养(对照)下都呈极显著差异,并且处理和品种间,所有性状也均存在极显著的互作。不同指标的变异系数表明,不管是氯酸盐处理还是正常供氮条件下,根长和干质量的变异系数相对较大,而苗高的变异系数相对较小。相关性分析也表明,这些形态学指标在2种条件下都呈正相关关系。基于苗高和地上部干质量的氯酸盐敏感度对供试材料的区分总体上相似,但也有区别。苗高和地上部干质量对氯酸盐的反应可以作为筛选大麦氮高效的指标,并且基于苗高和地上部干质量的氯酸盐敏感度都认为,B104、B002、B053、B092和B068在对氯酸盐最敏感的6个品种里,说明这5个大麦品种氮素利用率可能比较高,而B016、B006和B008则都在对氯酸盐最不敏感的6个品种里面,说明这3个大麦品种氮素利用率可能比较低。

关键词: 大麦, 地上部干质量, 苗高, 氯酸盐敏感度

Abstract:

In order to establish a chlorate-based screening system for barley with different nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),the effects of chlorate treatment on barley seedlings were explored,barley germplasms with different responses to chlorate treatment will be used for molecular mechanism research on NUE and crop breeding with high NUE in barley.Eighteen barley landraces from Shanghai region and three main cultivars in present barley production were used as test materials,and hydroponic experiments were carried out in an artificial climate room,and 2 mmol/L KNO₃(CK)and 2 mmol/L KClO₃ treatments were setrespectively.The traits of seedling height,root length,shoot and root dry masses of barley seedlings were measured after 4 days of treatments,respectively.It was showed that the growth of barley seedlings was obviously inhibited under chlorate treatment,especially the seedling height and dry mass related traits.The ANOVA showed that there were extremely significant differences in all traits under both chlorate treatment and normal condition(the control),and there were also extremely significant interactions between the treatments and varieties.The coefficient of variation analysis showed that the coefficients of variation of root length and dry mass related traits were relatively large in both treatments,while the seedling height was relatively small.Correlation analysis also showed that these indexes were positively correlated under both conditions.The chlorate susceptibility was consistent based on both seedling height and shoot dry mass in general,but there were still some differences.The response of seedling height and shoot dry mass to chlorate could be used as an index for screening barley with different NUE,and B104,B002,B053,B092 and B068 were among the six most sensitive varieties to chlorate based on both seedling height and shoot dry mass,indicating that these five barley cultivars might have higher NUE;while B016,B006 and B008 were among the 6 least sensitive varieties to chlorate,suggesting that the NUE of these three barley varieties might be relatively lower.

Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., Shoot dry mass, Seedling height, Chlorate sensitivity