摘要： 为了研究不同品种无花果的抗旱特性，为无花果抗旱品种的选择提供理论依据，以国内常见的4个无花果栽培品种波姬红、玛斯义·陶芬、中国紫果、青皮一年生扦插苗为试验材料。通过盆栽控水，分别设置了正常供水CK （田间持水量的70%~75%）、轻度干旱LD （田间持水量的50%~55%）、中度干旱MD （田间持水量的40%~45%）、重度干旱SD （田间持水量的30%~35%）、极度干旱ED （田间持水量的20%~25%）5个水分处理梯度对材料进行处理。通过各项生理及生化指标的测定，并用隶属函数法对4个无花果品种抗旱性进行评价。结果表明，随着干旱程度的增加，4个品种根系活力呈先上升后下降的趋势；叶片相对含水量（LRWC）、叶绿素含量、最大量子产量（Fv/Fm）和实际量子产量（Y （Ⅱ））都显著降低（P<0.05）；相对电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量均显著上升（P<0.05）；渗透调节物质可溶性糖（SS）含量显著升高，可溶性蛋白（SP）含量波姬红和中国紫果显著下降（P<0.05），其余2个品种变化不显著，游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量呈先上升后下降的趋势（P<0.05），并且多在重度干旱时达到最大值；抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性都呈先上升后下降的趋势，但达到最大值时的干旱程度有所差别；4种无花果的抗旱性为波姬红>玛斯义·陶芬 > 青皮 > 中国紫果。

关键词: 无花果, 干旱胁迫, 生理, 抗旱性

Abstract: In order to study the drought resistance characteristics of different varieties of figs, the theoretical basis for the selection of drought-resistant varieties of figs was provided. The four common fig cultivars Bpjihon, Masui Dauphine, China Purple Country, Qingpi were born in China. Cutting seedlings are test materials. Through potted water control, normal water supply CK (70% to 75% of field water holding capacity), mild drought LD (50% to 55% of field water holding capacity), and moderate drought MD (40% to 45% of field water holding capacity), severe drought SD (30% to 35% of field water holding capacity), extreme drought ED (20% to 25% of field water holding capacity) 5 water treatment gradients to treat the material. Through the determination of various physiological and biochemical indicators, the drought resistance of four fig varieties was evaluated by the membership function method. The results showed that with the increase of drought degree, the root activity of the four cultivars increased first and then decreased; leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll content, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and actual quantum yield (Y(Ⅱ)) significantly decreased (P<0.05); relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly (P<0.05); osmotic adjustment substance soluble sugar (SS) content increased significantly, soluble protein (SP) content decreased significantly in Bpjihon and China Purple Country (P<0.05), the other two varieties did not change significantly, the free proline (Pro) content increased first and then decreased (P<0.05), and mostly in severe drought. The maximum value of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased first and then decreased, but the degree of drought reached the maximum. The difference was that the drought resistance of the four figs was Bpjihon>Masui Dauphine>Qingpi>China Purple Country.

Key words: Ficus carica L., Drought stress, Physiology, Drought resistance

中图分类号: 

• S663.01