摘要： 为了研究木醋液对土壤微生物，尤其是镰孢菌及疫霉菌数量的影响，采用室内培养方法，向大棚土壤加入系列量木醋液，25℃下培养35 d。结果显示，在培养期间，各处理土壤pH值变化很小。除培养第7天外，木醋液对土壤pH值没有显著的影响，只有加入量达到3.3 mL/kg，土壤pH值才显著降低了近0.2个单位。培养初期加入木醋液的土壤矿质氮含量略有降低，降低量为15.1~28.2 mg/kg。但随着培养时间的延长，所有土壤矿质氮含量逐渐增加至相近的水平（324.9~344.8 mg/kg）。在35 d培养期间，加入不同体积木醋液的土壤，可培养细菌、真菌及放线菌数量与对照土壤仅在某些时间点有明显的差异，但在第14天时，1.3，3.3 mL/kg处理的土壤可培养放线菌数量分别比比对照土壤低31.4%，34.4%；在第21天时，0.7，1.3，3.3 mL/kg处理可培养细菌数量与对照相比显著降低了20.2%，24.8%，40.6%，0.3，0.7，3.3 mL/kg处理可培养真菌数量与对照相比显著降低了45.9%，35.5%，36.6%。加入系列量木醋液的土壤，在培养过程中其镰孢菌和疫霉菌数量的变化很大，但与对照土壤没有显著性差异。总体来看，木醋液作为酸性液体，对土壤酸度产生一定的影响，但对土壤矿质氮、细菌、真菌、放线菌，以及镰孢菌和疫霉菌数量没有显著的影响。说明木醋液几乎没有杀灭镰孢菌和疫霉菌的作用，不适合用作土壤熏蒸剂，减轻土传病害的作用可能也很有限。

关键词: 木醋液, 土壤, 镰孢菌, 疫霉菌

Abstract: In order to study the number of microbes,especially Fusarium and Phytophthora,the greenhouse soil was sprayed with a series volumes of wood vinegar and then incubated at 25℃ for 35 days. The results showed that the pH of each treated soil changed little during the incubation.Generally,wood vinegar had no significant effect on soil pH except on the 7th days,except when the dose reached 3.3 mL/kg,the soil pH was significantly reduced by nearly 0.2 units.At initial period of incubation,the mineral nitrogen content in the soil sprayed with wood vinegar was slightly reduced for 15.1-28.2 mg/kg.However,as the incubation time prolonged,the content of mineral nitrogen in all treatments gradually increased to a similar level (324.9-344.8 mg/kg).The amounts of culturable bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in the soils sprayed with different volumes of wood vinegar were significantly different from that in the control soil only on some days.But,on the 14th day, the number of culturable actinomycetes in the soil added with 1.3, 3.3 mL/kg wood vinegar was 31.4% and 34.4%,respectively,lower than that in the control soil.On the 21st day,the number of culturable bacteria in the soil added with 0.7,1.3 and 3.3 mL/kg wood vinegar was 20.2%,24.8% and 40.6% lower,respectively,lower than that in the control soil.And at this time,the number of culturable fungi in the soil added with 0.3,0.7 and 3.3 mL/kg was 45.9%,35.5%,36.6%,respectively,lower than that in the control soil.The amounts of Fusarium and Phytophthora were greatly changed in the soils added with different volumes of wood vinegar,however,they showed little difference from the control soil.In conclusion,wood vinegar,acting as an acidic liquid,had no significant effect on soil mineral nitrogen,culturable bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,as well as the amounts of Fusarium and Phytophthora,even though there was a certain influence on soil pH.It could be speculated that wood vinegar had almost no impact on Fusarium and Phytophthora.Hence,it was not a suitable fumigant for soil,and its impact on alleviating soil-borne might be limited.

Key words: Wood vinegar, Soil, Fusarium, Phytophthora

中图分类号: 

• S472