全生育期干旱胁迫对棉花形态、生理、光合作用和产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.033

华北农学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 224-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.033

所属专题： 棉花；抗旱节水；

全生育期干旱胁迫对棉花形态、生理、光合作用和产量的影响

田又升¹, 范术丽², 庞朝友², 孙国清¹, 张国丽¹, 叶春秀¹, 于航¹, 马盼盼¹, 苗领娟³, 谢宗铭¹

1. 新疆农垦科学院生物技术研究所, 作物种质创新与基因资源利用兵团重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832000;
2. 棉花生物学国家重点实验室, 河南安阳 455000;
3. 中国农业大学农学院, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2017-08-13 出版日期:2017-10-28
通讯作者: 谢宗铭(1971-),男,甘肃民勤人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事作物遗传育种研究。
作者简介:田又升(1987-),女,重庆涪陵人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事植物逆境生理与分子生物学研究。
基金资助:
棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题（CB2016A16）；兵团国际科技合作计划项目（2015AH001）；兵团应用基础研究计划项目（2016AG005）

Effects of Drought Stress in the Whole Period on Cotton Morphology, Physiology,Photosynthesis and Yield

TIAN Yousheng¹, FAN Shuli², PANG Chaoyou², SUN Guoqing¹, ZHANG Guoli¹, YE Chunxiu¹, YU Hang¹, MA Panpan¹, MIAO Lingjuan³, XIE Zongming¹

1. Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Xinjiang Production & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Enhancement and Gene Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832000, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang 455000, China;
3. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2017-08-13 Published:2017-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究全生育期持续干旱处理对棉花生长发育和最终产量的影响，采用盆栽法，对新陆早19号、新陆早27号和新陆早54号进行轻度和中度干旱胁迫处理，在苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期测定形态学指标、生理指标和光合作用参数，收获时调查产量构成因素。结果表明：棉花的株高和茎粗随干旱胁迫的加强而下降；活性氧含量和抗氧化酶活性在不同生育期存在较大差异，相关性分析显示，活性氧含量与抗氧化酶活性间存在显著或极显著相关性，说明抗氧化酶活性随活性氧含量有规律变化，以清除体内过多活性氧，防止活性氧伤害；棉花蕾期光合作用随干旱胁迫的加强而降低，吐絮期（除新陆早27号）则随干旱胁迫加强而升高，可能由持续干旱处理使棉花生育后期所处发育阶段不同造成；干旱胁迫降低新陆早27号和新陆早54号的单株产量和纤维长度，轻度干旱胁迫对单铃重的影响较小，甚至起促进作用；棉花花铃期有4项指标与单株产量存在显著相关性，说明花铃期可能是受环境影响最大且决定最终产量的关键时期。

关键词: 棉花, 干旱胁迫, 生理, 光合作用, 产量

Abstract: In order to study the effects of continuous drought treatment in whole growth period on cotton growing development and final yield,in this experiment,pot-culture method was taken and Xinluzao 19hao,Xinluzao 27hao and Xinluzao 54hao as materials,the treatments were light and moderate drought stress,then measured morphological indexes,physiological indexes and photosynthetic parameters at seedling stage,bud stage,blooming stage and boll opening stage,and investigated yield components at harvest time.Results showed:cotton height and stem diameter decreased with the strengthen of drought stress; The content of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme activities were great difference at different growth stage,correlation analysis showed that there were significant or extremely significant correlation between active oxygen content and antioxidant enzyme activity,indicted that antioxidant enzymes activity changed regularly with the content of reactive oxygen species,so as to eliminate the excessive oxygen species in vivo and prevent the damage of reactive oxygen species; The photosynthesis of cotton at bud stage decreased with the strengthen of drought stress,but increased at boll opening stage,except Xinluzao 27hao which possibly due to persistent drought treatment caused the different developmental stage of cotton at later growth stage; Drought stress reduced the yield per plant and fiber length of Xinluzao 27hao and Xinluzao 54hao,light drought stress had little effect on single boll weight,even played a role in promoting; There were four indexes of cotton at blooming stage had significant correlation with yield per plant,indicted that cotton blooming stage might be the key period which easy to be affected by environment and determined the final yield.

Key words: Cotton, Drought stress, Physiology, Photosynthesis, Yield

中图分类号:

田又升, 范术丽, 庞朝友, 孙国清, 张国丽, 叶春秀, 于航, 马盼盼, 苗领娟, 谢宗铭. 全生育期干旱胁迫对棉花形态、生理、光合作用和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(5): 224-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.033.

TIAN Yousheng, FAN Shuli, PANG Chaoyou, SUN Guoqing, ZHANG Guoli, YE Chunxiu, YU Hang, MA Panpan, MIAO Lingjuan, XIE Zongming. Effects of Drought Stress in the Whole Period on Cotton Morphology, Physiology,Photosynthesis and Yield[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(5): 224-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.033.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/I5/224

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