摘要： 采用大田试验研究了不同氮素形态及配比(不施肥、硝态氮: 铵态氮依次为10: 0,7: 3,5: 5,3: 7,0: 10、酰胺态氮、当地施肥)对娃娃菜产量、品质和植株养分吸收的影响。结果表明:配施处理(NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N为5: 5时)促进娃娃菜产量显著提高,可取得较好的经济效益。硝态氮肥易增加娃娃菜中硝酸盐的积累,增施铵态氮能有效降低硝酸盐积累,促进可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及可溶性固形物含量的增加。NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N在3: 7~0: 10可有效减少娃娃菜叶片中硝酸盐含量,增加可溶性糖含量;在5: 5~3: 7内有利于增加可溶性蛋白的含量;CK2(当地施肥)和T4(NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N为3: 7)处理则有利于提高可溶性固形物的含量。施氮肥可以促进娃娃菜氮、磷、钾的吸收,其中铵态氮较有利于氮的吸收,而硝态氮有利于钾的吸收,但在不同时期磷含量受氮源的影响变化不一致。综上,硝态氮肥与铵态氮肥在5: 5~3: 7内时,娃娃菜可获得较高的品质和经济效益。

关键词: 娃娃菜, 氮素形态, 产量, 品质, 养分吸收

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen forms and their ratios (no-fertilize,NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N ratio 10: 0,7: 3,5: 5,3: 7,0: 10,CO(NH₂)₂-N,local traditional fertilizing amount) on the yield,quality and nutrient (N,P,and K) absorption of Mini Chinese Cabbage.The results were as follows:In different ratio of NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N,when NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N for 5: 5,the yield and economic benefit could improve significantly.The nitrate content was increased with increasing nitrate-N,decreasing ammonimn-N.The soluble protein content,the soluble sugars content and the soluble solids were promoted with increasing ammonimn-N.When the NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N ratio was ranged from 3: 7 to 0: 10,respectively,the accumulation of nitrate in Mini Chinese Cabbage was reduced,while the soluble sugars content was promoted.When the NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N ratio was ranged from 5: 5 to 3: 7,as well,the soluble protein content could be promoted.CK2(local traditional fertilizing amount) and T4(NO₃^--N: NH ₄₊-N ratio 3: 7) were good for increasing the soluble solids content.N fertilization increased the absorption of N,P and K in plants.Throughout the entire growth period,NH₄⁺-N fertilization improved the plant N content,whereas NO₃^--N fertilization improved the plant K content.At different growth stages,the effects of different N sources on plant P content varied.It was suggested that the NO₃^--N: NH₄⁺-N ratio ranged from 5: 5 to 3: 7 could improve the quality and economic return of Mini Chinese Cabbage.

Key words: Mini chinese cabbage, Nitrogen form, Yield, Quality, Nutrient absorption

中图分类号: 

• S143.1