摘要： 为了找到植物胚性愈伤组织的诱导方式,从而形成完整的单克隆细胞体细胞胚诱导体系,为进一步的体细胞诱变育种奠定基础,以苜蓿为试材,通过徒手制片法,对不同类型愈伤组织的细胞形态和结构差异性进行了观察比较。结果显示:巨大型愈伤组织细胞较大,其体积是松散型的4.5倍,是硬型的9倍;其中有48%的细胞具有5~8个较大液泡,松散型愈伤中89%的细胞具有2~4个小液泡,而硬型愈伤中97%的细胞具有1个中央大液泡。松散型愈伤的细胞中叶绿体较多,其数量是巨大型的4.65倍,硬型愈伤细胞中的叶绿体聚集成团,每团中有叶绿体3~5个。总之,巨大型愈伤的细胞分化程度较低,但液泡化明显;硬型愈伤的分化程度高,组织较老化;松散型愈伤细胞未分化,液泡化程度低,胚性愈伤特征明显,适合用于体细胞胚的诱导。

关键词: 愈伤组织, 形态结构, 老化, 液泡化, 胚性

Abstract: In order to get method of callus induction of plant embryo,and set up the integral somatic embryo induction system of monoclonal cell,and lay the foundation for further somatic mutation breeding,the differences of cell morphology and structure from different types of alfalfa callus were observed and compared by quick section and microscopic examination.The results showed that giant callus cells were larger,and the cell volume of giant callus were 4.5 times more than loose callus cells and 9 times more than hard-type callus cells,which had 48% cells of 5-8 big vacuoles.Loose callus cells had 89% cells of 2-4 small vacuoles and hard-type callus cells had 97% cells with one large central vacuole.Loose callus cells had more chloroplast,which were 4.65 times more than giant callus cells.The chloroplast of hard-type callus cells were gathered into groups,which had 3-5 chloroplasts in it.In short,there were lower cell differentiation and more clear vacuolation in giant callus,and high degree of differentiation and tissue aging in hard-type callus.The loose callus was undifferentiated,was lower on vacuolization and apparent on characteristics of embryonic callus,so that it was more suitable for induction of somatic embryos.

Key words: Callus, Morphology, Aging, Vacuoles, Embryonic

中图分类号: 

• S541.9