摘要： 应用EST-SSR标记技术对云南省不同区域采集的39份古茶树资源进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究。结果表明:43对EST-SSR引物共扩增出121条多态性谱带,有效等位基因变异占比重的73.88%。多态性信息量PIC值为0.05~0.74,平均为0.469。基因多样性指数平均值为0.53,Shannon指数平均值为0.81,均高于0.5。遗传相似系数0.41~0.91,平均值为0.65,显示云南大茶树的遗传基础相对比较宽,具有较高的遗传多样性水平。SSR聚类分析表明,大茶树的遗传距离和亲缘关系与地理分布有一定的关系,在分子水平上显示了部分云南大茶树的亲缘关系,有助于今后野生大茶树的保护及利用研究。

关键词: 茶树, EST-SSR, 遗传多样性, 亲缘关系

Abstract: The genetic diversity and relationship of 39 ancient tea varieties gathered in different areas in Yunnan were analyzed by EST SSR markers. The results showed that total 121 alleles were amplified,and effective number of alleles was 73 .88 %.The polymorphism information content (PIC) was ranging from 0. OS to 0. 74 with the average of 0. 469. The average genetic diversity and the average Shannon's information index were 0. 55 and 0. 81 respectively, which was higher than 0. 5. The Nei's original measures of genetic identity among those tea germplasms ranged from 0. 441 to 0. 907,with average of 0. 653,and this results indicated that the genetic basis among those tea germplasms was wide,and the level of genetic diversity within those ancient tea varieties was high. The cluster analysis based on SSR markers revealed that the genetic distance and the genetic relationship within most of those varieties were related by its geographic source. The genetic relationship of all 39 ancient tea plants revealed by SSR dendrogram would be greatly helpful for the protection and utilization research on wild ancient tea varieties in the future.

Key words: Tea plant, EST SSR, Genetic diversity, Genetic relationship

中图分类号: 

• S722