摘要： 为了提高氮素的经济效益,减少氮素产生的农业面源污染,采用大田试验的方法,在子牙河流域研究不同氮肥用量和施肥措施对冬小麦产量、氮肥利用效率和土壤硝态氮残留的影响。结果表明,与习惯施肥相比,优化施肥措施在氮素总量降低30%、磷钾肥用量不变的基础上,冬小麦产量略有增加,但差异不显著。优化施肥措施的4个处理显著提高了冬小麦的氮肥利用率和农学效率,其中氮肥利用率比习惯施肥提高了18.95%~51.21%。与习惯施肥相比,冬小麦收获期1.2 m土层硝态氮残留,优化施肥、优化施肥+有机肥、优化施肥-秸秆还田、缓控肥+有机肥分别减少116.25,70.80,63.81,108.95 kg/hm²。综合经济效益与生态效益,施氮量减少30%的优化施肥和施氮量减少53%的控释氮肥措施均比农民习惯施肥更合理,是值得推荐的氮肥措施方式。

关键词: 施氮措施, 冬小麦, 氮肥利用率, 硝态氮

Abstract: "A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application on Winter Wheat yield,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrate-N accumulation in sandy soil.Under optimized fertilization,total N application reduced 30% than conventional fertilization and phosphatic and potassic fertilizer application were not changed.The result showed that the difference of winter wheat yield was not significant between optimized and conventional fertilizing application.Nitrogen use efficiency of Winter Wheat was increased by 5.25%-10.02% significantly for the optimized fertilization than for conventional fertilization.And the remains of NO-3-N in 0-120 cm soil layer were decreased by 66.87,98.87,66.61,42.01 kg/ha under optimize fertilization,optimizing fertilization + organic manure,straw counters-field + optimization fertilization,slow accused of fertilizer than under conventional fertilization respectively."

Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer app lication, Winterwheat, Nuse efficiency, Nitrate-N

中图分类号: 

• S512.11