摘要： 为了明确苹果根系构型的建造规律,以不同树龄的寒富苹果为试材,采用壕沟法和扇面挖掘法对苹果根系构型的演化进程进行了观察,结果表明:当树龄达到5年生时,根系的分布模式就已经建立起来,定植后6~8年时根系密度和生物量达到最大,根系构型基本确立,8年以后主要进行根系更新及根类组成的调整。苹果根系在土壤中也表现出明显的层次结构,地表以下10~15 cm属于根系分布的极不稳定层,地表以下15~40cm为根系密集层,40cm以下土层仅有极少量的根系发生。树冠结构的变化一定程度上可以反映根系构型的状况。苹果根型属于水平根和斜生根组成的复合根型。

关键词: 苹果, 根系构型, 演化

Abstract: Evolvement process of root system architecture in apple was observed to study construction rule of root systemarchitecture in apple by moat method and sector digging method, and the result indicated that root distributing modehas been contructed when the tree was five years old, root density and biomass has achieved greatness, and the architecturewas basically established, root system renewval and the adjust of root type were observed after eight years. There wasobviously layer construction for root system in soil, 10- 15 cm under the earth??s surface was great unsteady, 15- 40 cmwas denseness layer of root system, and there were a few roots in the layer of 40 cm under the earth??s surface or deeper.Change of canopy structure could response the condition of root system configuration, root shape of apple was complex onewhich was composed of horizontal roots and sidelong roots.

Key words: Apple, Rootsystemarchitecture, Evolvement

中图分类号: 

• S663.1??