摘要： 为了摸清西南马遗传资源现状与特征,通过实地调查、网络分析及SPSS等数据处理得出如下结论:2006年西南马存栏291.1万匹,占全国总数40.46%,可能已经成为我国第一大生态类型马种;大理马、乌蒙马、文山马、百色马、建昌马、贵州马等西南马地方马种体尺结构由南向北、由东向西表现出逐渐偏重的趋势;西南马体尺结构紧凑,近似方形,以公马为例,体高、体长、胸围和管围分别为(11.19±7.10)cm、(114.11±8.29)cm、(132.22±9.94)cm和(1.17±1.1)cm;非密度制约因子如年无霜期、降水量、日照时数和平均气温等自然因素均与中国西南马体高呈强相关,对不同类群马的形成可能起主导作用.影响马存栏数量的影响因子主要有人均农机、人口密度、辖区比重等.

关键词: 西南马, 遗传资源, 特征

Abstract: For the purpose of making certain the genetic resources and characteristics of Southwest horse,by means of local investigation,network technology and SPSS,I come to the conclution below:The amount of Southwest horse on hand is 21911 millions,the percentage in our country is 40146 %;The body size of Dali horse,Wumeng horse,Wenshan horse,Baise horse,Jianchang horse and Guizhou horse being differentiated from Southwest horse enlarge gradually from south to north and east to west;The physical structure of Southwest horse is compact and square approximatively.To take male horse for an example,its height,length,circumference and circumference of cannon bone respectively was (115119 ±7110) cm,(114111 ±8129) cm,(132122 ±9194) cm and (15117 ±1. 15) cm.The density - independent factors were taken into account and annual frost-free period,precipitation,sunshine hours,the average temperature have powerful effect to physical measure of Southwest horse,such as heightatwithers,they might play a leading role in the formation of different ecotype horses.The main factors of influencing the abundance distribution were agricultural machinery per capita,population density,administrative district ratio,and so on.

Key words: Southwest horse, Genetic resources, Characteristics

中图分类号: 

• S821.89