增铵营养对棉花幼苗形态及干物质积累的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为棉花生产氮肥合理运用提供理论依据，采用水培试验法，研究了不同形态氮素配比（NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N分别为0/100，25/75，50/50，75/25，100/0）对农大棉601的形态特征及干物质积累的影响。结果表明，随着生育时期的进行，棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积、主根长逐渐增大；随着营养液中NH₄⁺浓度的增大，棉花株高、茎粗、叶面积、干物重均呈现先增高后降低的趋势，而主根长呈现持续增长趋势。在增铵营养处理7，14，21 d时，棉苗株高分别在NH₄⁺/NO₃^-为50/50，25/75处理下最高；在增铵营养7，14，21 d时，NH₄⁺/NO₃^-为50/50的处理棉花茎粗、叶面积最大，表明增铵营养大于50%时则明显抑制了棉苗的生长。就干物质而言，总干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量均在NH₄⁺/NO₃^-为75/25处理时达到最大，但根干质量和根冠比无显著差异，表明增铵营养对棉花干物重的促进作用主要表现在地上部，而对地下部促进作用并不明显。此外，单铵处理根冠比最大，主根长最长，表明单铵处理促进了根系的生长，说明铵态氮和硝态氮对棉花地下部和地上部器官的生长发育具有不同的调控机制，混合态氮素更利于棉苗的地上部生长。

关键词: 增铵营养, 棉花, 形态特征, 干物质积累

Abstract: In order to provide references for nitrogen fertilization in field production, the effects of different NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio of nitrogen nutrition (NH₄⁺-N/NO₃^--N were 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, 100/0)on morphological characteristics and dry matter accumulation, hydroponic experiments were conducted using Nongda 601 as material. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and main root length of cotton increased gradually with the growth stages changed. In addition to the main root length showed a continuous elongation, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry weights of cotton increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of NH₄⁺ concentration in the ammonium nutrient solution. The plant height of cotton seedlings was the highest at the NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio of 50/50 and 25/75 respectively 7, 14, 21 d after enhanced ammonium nutrient solution treatment;both stem diameter and leaf area were the largest at the NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio of 50/50 after enhanced ammonium nutrition treatment 7, 14, 21 d, indicating that the concentration of NH₄⁺ more than 50% could inhibit significantly the growth of cotton seedlings. In terms of dry matter, total dry weight, stem dry weight and leaf dry weight were the highest at the NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratio of 75/25, while there was no significant difference in root dry weight and root to shoot ratio, indicating that the effect of enhanced ammonium nutrition on the dry matter weight was positive mainly in the aboveground, while the effect in the underground was not obvious. Moreover, the ratio of root to shoot was the highest, the main root length was the longest when supplied with only NH₄⁺, indicating that single NH₄⁺ could promote root growth. All results showed that ammonium and nitrate nitrogen had different mechanisms for regulating growth and development in cotton underground and aboveground organs, mixed nitrogen was more favorable to the aboveground growth of cotton seedlings.

Key words: Enhanced ammonium nutrition, Cotton, Morphological characteristics, Dry matter accumulation

中图分类号:

S562.01

马彤彤, 陈莉, 万华龙, 李津, 刘连涛, 孙红春, 张永江, 白志英, 李存东. 增铵营养对棉花幼苗形态及干物质积累的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4): 204-209. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.029.

MA Tongtong, CHEN Li, WAN Hualong, LI Jin, LIU Liantao, SUN Hongchun, ZHANG Yongjiang, BAI Zhiying, LI Cundong. Effect of Enhanced Ammonium Nutrition on Morphological Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Cotton Seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(4): 204-209. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.029.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I4/204

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