摘要： 以保护性耕作长期定位试验为研究对象,比较分析了华北平原保护性耕作与传统耕作冬小麦田土壤水分的动态变化、作物耗水量、水分利用效率及作物产量。结果表明:免耕冬小麦田0~180cm土壤含水量高于翻耕,随土层深度的加深含水量之间差异减少。土体0~30cm贮水量呈波浪状变化,其中免耕具有很好的蓄水保墒作用;耕作处理之间0~180cm的土体贮水量虽无显著差异,但免耕处理土体贮水量高于翻耕,秸秆还田高于无秸秆处理。秸秆直立免耕(ZT1)处理作物耗水量最少,分别比翻耕(CT),翻耕+秸秆还田(CTR),旋耕+秸秆还田(RTR),秸秆粉碎免耕(ZT2)少消耗3.8,39.6,55.8,61.8mm的水分;ZT1处理的产量为5139.7kg/hm2,比CT(7314.8kg/hm2)减产29.7%;ZT1处理水分利用效率为13.9kg/(mm.hm2)比CT减少32.4%。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 土壤水分, 冬小麦, 水分利用效率

Abstract: The object of this work was to evaluate the effects of conservation t illage and conventional tillage on soilmoisture dynamics, evapotranspiration ( ET) ,water use eff iciency (WUE) and winter wheat yield in long-term tillage exper-iment of North China plain.The tillage treatments included conventional tillage(CT) , conventional t illage with stubble incorporating(CTR) , rotary tillage with residue(RTR) , zero-tillage( ZT1) that direct drilled with standing stubble and zero-t illagewith residue( ZT2) .The results showed that no-tillage could increase soil moisture than conventional tillage in 0- 180 cmprof ile; and the moisture difference reduced as the soil layer increasing. Soil water storage showed with a wavy change in 0- 30 cm profile; and zero-tillage had a good effect on water storage. Soil water storage of 0- 180 cm profile was not signif-icance difference among the t illage treatments, but water storage of zero-tillage than that of conventional tillage; soil waterstorage with stubble incorporat ion was higher than that of without stubble incorpration. Evapotranspiration( ET) of ZT1 wasleast,which reduced water use 318, 3916, 5518 and 6118 mm respectively than CT, CTR, RTR, ZT2; however, the crop yieldand WUE of ZT1 was 5 13917 kg/ hm2 and 1319 kg/ (mm#hm2) , which compared conventional tillage( CT) respectively reduced29. 7% and 32. 4%.

Key words: Conservation t illage, Soil moisture, Winter wheat, WUE

中图分类号: 

• S512.11