摘要： 本研究采用市场价值法、工程费用法、恢复费用法、机会成本法、修正的人力资本法等多种方法对北京市污水灌溉所造成的农田土壤、地下水和作物污染及其对人群健康的影响进行经济损失评估,研究结果表明,2002年北京市污水灌溉造成的环境污染总经济损失为为1.39亿元,占2002年农业增加值的2.8%,其中粮食减产造成的损失占总损失的46.5%,品质下降损失占2.2%,土壤污染占30.3%,人体健康损失占15.7%,而地下水污染占5.2%。同时污灌所产生的外部环境边际成本大约为888.55元/(hm2.a),其外部环境成本范围大约界于4163.17~10053.78万元/a,即说明社会每年要为其负担4163.17~10053.78万元的代价。

关键词: 污水灌溉, 环境影响, 经济损失, 评估方法

Abstract: Several methods, including market value method, labor cost method, engineering cost method, recoveringcost method and opportunity cost method,were adopted in the study to evaluate the environmental losses from soil pollution,ground water pollution, crop pollution and health damage caused by sewage irrigat ion in Beijing rural areas.The resultsshowed that the total economic loss from sewage irrigat ion was 180. 16 million yuan RMB,which make up 3. 65% ofagricultural increased value in 2002.The economic loss from crop yield decrease is 35. 8% of the total loss, 24. 7% fromcrop pollution, 23. 3% from soil pollution, 12% from health damage and 12% from ground pollution. At the meantime,the external cost from sewage irrigation is approximately 888. 55 yuan/ ( hm2#a) .The total external cost range from 41. 63million yuan to 100. 54 million yuan every year, namely, the cost from 41. 63 million yuan to 100. 54 million yuan waspaid by the society.

Key words: Sewage irrigat ion, Environmental pollution, Economic loss, Evaluation methods

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• X52