摘要： 以籼稻中优早8号和粳稻丰锦杂交育成的重组自交系F6代群体为试材，研究了水稻维管束性状与穗部性状的关系。结果表明，水稻穗颈和倒二节间大小维管束数、大维管束效率和一次枝梗效率与一二次枝梗数、一二次枝梗总长度、一二次枝梗实粒数、一二次枝梗总粒数、二次粒率、穗颈粗、穗长、穗重、着粒密度、穗实粒数、穗总粒数和单株产量都呈极显著正相关，而与穗数呈极显著负相关，且与二次枝梗性状关系更为紧密。倒二节间大小维管束数比、大维管束数比、小维管束数比与穗部性状关系却相反。维管束性状与结实率、千粒重、穗型指数和第1节位长度关系不大。逐步回归及通径分析表明：一次枝梗效率对穗总粒数、一二次枝梗数、一二次枝梗总粒数的直接作用都较大，对单株产量直接作用最大；而大维管束效率对穗部性状的间接作用都较大，对单株产量间接作用最大。籼型和偏籼型水稻大维管束效率>1/2，而粳型和偏粳型<1/2。粳型和偏粳型水稻一次枝梗效率接近1，而籼型和偏籼型在1/2左右。大维管束效率和一次枝梗效率与穗部性状和单株产量关系密切，在亲本及杂交后代中所分化的程度明显不同，能反映出穗部性状良好的形态和机能，可以作为选择良好穗部性状的参考指标。

关键词: 水稻, 籼粳稻杂交, 维管束性状, 穗部性状, 大维管束效率, 一次枝梗效率

Abstract: In order to reveal the relations between the characters of vascular bundle and panicle in rice, An F6 population from a cross between a japonica variety Zhongyouzao 8 and an indica variety Fengjin was used as materials. There was a significantly positive correlations between the number of the large and small vascular bundle of the neck-panicle, the number of the large and small vascular bundle of the second internode, the efficiency of large vascular bundles and primary rachis branches and the number of the first and second branches and their grains and filled grains, the length of the first and second branches, secondary rachis branches grains rate, panicle neck width, the length and weight of panicle, grains density, the number of grains and filled grains per panicle, and the yield of per panicle, respectively. But the number of panicle was opposite. The relations between the characters of vascular bundle and secondary rachis branches was closer than primary rachis branches. The relation between the ratio of large vascular bundles to small vascular bundles of the second internode, the ratio of large vascular bundles between the second top stem and neck-panicle, that of the small one and panicle traits is negative. There was not correlation between the characters of vascular bundle and seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, panicle type index, the first node length of panicle. Regression and path analysis for the characters of vascular bundle and panicle showed the efficiency of primary rachis branches had a greatly direct effect on the grains per panicle, the number of the first and second branches and their grains, and yield per panicle. The effect of primary rachis branches efficiency for yield per panicle was the most. The efficiency of large vascular bundles had a greatly indirect effect on those characters. The efficiency of large vascular bundles exceeded 0.5 in japonica and pre-japonica rice, but the rice of indica and pre-indica was opposite. The efficiency of primary rachis branches was nearly 1.0 in indica and pre-indica rice, but the rice of japonica and pre-japonica was about 0.5. There was a close correlation between the efficiency of large vascular bundles and primary rachis branches and the panicle characters, and yield per panicle. The vary degree of the efficiency of large vascular bundles and primary rachis branches was notably different in parents and its hybrid descendants. Because it reflected the good configuration and function of panicle characters, it could be thought of a reference standard as the choice of good panicle characters.

Key words: Rice (Oryza sativa), Indica and japonica crossing, Characters of vascular bundle, Characters of panicle, Large vascular bundles efficiency, Primary rachis branches efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S511.201