摘要： 对陕西关中地区当前推广的早、中、晚三种熟性8个高产小麦品种的光合生理特性进行了研究,以探明参试的早熟小麦品种高产的光合生理机能和进一步提高早熟小麦品种产量潜力的性状改良途径.结果表明,参试早熟高产小麦品种的光合生理特性是:1.灌浆高峰期蒸腾速率高;2.花期至灌浆高峰期有持续稳定的高净光合速率;3.花前同化产物对子粒干物质累积贡献潜势大;4.花后单株生物增长量远高于中、晚熟品种;5.花前同化产物转流系数高,花后干物质增长系数高,光合产物分配性能好,收获指数高.同时也进一步明确早熟高产小麦品种的生物学产量低于中、晚熟品种,其原因主要在于拔节期至开花期的生物学增长量少.进一步提高早熟小麦品种产量潜力的途径是在保持或提高收获指数的同时,较大幅度地提高花前的生物学产量.

关键词: 小麦, 早熟, 高产, 光合生理特性

Abstract: Photosynthet ic and physiolog ic character w as studied on eight hig h grain yield w heat cult ivars which popularized in Guanzhong area belonging to early, medium and late-maturing , respect ively , to find out the photosynthetic and physiologic mechanism of the high grain yield of early-maturing wheat cult ivars, and the w ay of characteristic improvement further increasing in yield potent ial. The result show that early-maturing and high grain y ield w heat cult ivars tested have fo-l low ing characters: 1. Transpiration rate is higher during peak filling stage; 2. From anthesis to the peak filling stage, net-photosynthet ic rate is higher and steadier; 3. T he cont ribut ion potent ial of photoassimilates to dry mat ter of kernels is larger pref loral; 4. Biomass increased per plant is fairly higher than that of medium and late-maturing post floral; 5. Higher photoassimilates t rans-current coeff icient prefloral, higher dry mat ter increasing coeff icient post floral, bet ter photoassimilates dist ribut ion character and higher harvest index. At the same t ime, biomass of early-maturing and high grain yield cult ivars is lower than that of medium and late-maturing cult ivars, the principal cause is that increased biomass is less from joint ing to anthesis. The w ay of further improv ing early-maturing cult ivars y ield potent ial is keeping or raising harvest index and at the same t ime largely increasing it s pref loral biomass.

Key words: Wheat, Early-maturing , Hig h g rain yield, Photosynthet ic and physiolog ic character

中图分类号: 

• S512.1+1