摘要： 在灌溉和雨养条件下，研究了冬小麦F₁组合的平均杂种优势和平均超标优势。结果表明，小麦杂种生态型在水地是以穗粒数为主，兼顾成穗数；在旱地是以千粒重为主，兼顾成粒数。灌溉条件下小麦强优势组合最佳配置模式为均衡型×多穗型；雨养条件下以多穗×多穗或均衡型×多穗型为主。小麦杂种优势正反交差异在水地不明显，在旱地则具有较强的正反交效应。旱地小麦强优势组合亲本不仅要具有高的一般配合力，而且要具有较强优势的特异性状。

关键词: 冬小麦, 杂种优势, 超标优势, 组合配置

Abstract: Under irrigated and rainfed conditions,the hererosis and superiority over check was studied in F 1 hybrids of winter wheat. The results show that the heterosis of the hybrids of wheat lies in grains per spike and effective spikes in irrigated fields, while that of the hybrids of wheat lies on the 1000 kernel weight and fruiting grains in rainfed fields.The optimum models of strong superiority crosses in wheat is“balanced type×multiple spikes type”in irrigated field and“multiple spikes type×multiple spikes type”or“balanced type×multiple spikes type”in rainfed field. The difference of effects in reciprocal crosses of hererosis of wheat is not significant in irrigated field while it is significant in rainfed field. The parent of strong superiority crosses in rainfed wheat not only need to have high general combining ability but also need to have fine characters of strong superiority.

Key words: Heterosis, Superiority over check, Crosses combination, F 1 generation, Winter wheat

中图分类号: 

• S512.1