摘要： 选用黄淮麦区不同产量水平的小麦品种34个，研究了品种在由低产型向高产型转变过程中植株形态及其结构所发生的变化。结果表明：随着品种产量水平的提高，植株形态及其结构也发生了规律性的变化，表现为株高显着降低，旗叶和倒二叶宽度增加，长宽比值缩小，旗叶夹角变小。同时，株高构成指数，上部叶面积占总叶面积的比值以及各叶鞘长占相应节间长的比值均表现规律性递增。根据以上结果，初步认为在黄淮麦区今后超高产品种的选育中，在稀条播条件下，应选择株高75～85cm,株高构成指数>0.62,旗叶面积25～3km2,倒二叶面积30～35cm²,旗叶长/宽<10,倒二叶长/宽<15,灌浆初期旗叶夹角较小并随灌浆呈动态变化，叶功能期较长以及上部二叶面积占总叶面积的比值和各叶鞘长占相应节间长比值均较大的类型。

关键词: 冬小麦, 株型结构, 育种, 高产型

Abstract: Thirty four winter wheat cultivars with diversified yield potentials which were released in different periods in Huanghuai winter wheat region were used to study the changes　of morphological characters following the increase of yield.The results showed that along　with the change of cultivar types from low yielding to high yielding, the plant height　significantly decreased w琢1e the plant height composition index increased|the width of the　upper two leaves increased while the ratios of length to width decreased. The ratios of the a,reas of upper two leaves to that of total leaves and the length of sheathes to those of the corresponding internodes all had a big increase. The flag leaf angle tends to become smaller. Based　on the results, the ideal morphological characters and canopy structure for the super-high　yielding cultivars in Huanghuai winter wheat region were discussed.

Key words: Winter wheat, Ideotype characters

中图分类号: 

• S512.104.4