摘要： 本文对54个芝麻杂交组合,10个性状的杂种优势与配合力效应关系研究表明:芝麻杂种优势普遍存在,而且超显性优势较强,其优势顺序依次为单株产量>|单株蒴数>|果轴长>|株高,其它性状优势较小.各性状的杂种优势与其特殊配合力效应均呈显著的正相关.杂种优势主要由其特殊配合力效应提供.但某些组合的特殊配合力效应很小,甚至为负值,其杂种优势表现也很明显,这主要是由于亲本一般配合力效应中包括很大部分杂种优势效应.因此,在选配强优组合时,除了考虑组合的特殊配合力效应外,亲本的优势效应也是不可忽视的.

关键词: 芝麻, 杂种优势, 配合力

Abstract: The relationship between sesame heterosis and combining ability effects for 10 characters of 54 cross combinations were analysed in this paper. The results showed that heterosis of sesame existed generally, and the preponderance of super-dominance was rather high. The magnitude of superiority for characters followed the sequence, seed yield per plant > capsules per plant > length of fruiting section> plant height. But the heterosis for other characters was much lower.Heterosis for all characters was closely positive correlated with its specific combining ability (SCA) effects. The heterosis was mainly supplied by the SCA effects.But some crosses with a small or negative SCA effects could also show-significant heterosis, which mainly comes from their parents’ high heterosis which was included in general combining ability (GCA) effects. Therefore, in the selection of high heterosis combinations,the heterosis effects of parents should not be ignored as well as the SCA effects of crosses.

Key words: Sesame, Hcterosis, Combining ability