摘要： 本研究表明,粗厚山羊草(Ae.crassa)与小麦、黑麦具有一定的杂交能力,结实率为3.49%—68.28%.杂种F₁ 一般是兼有双亲特性的中间类型,但所有杂交组合的杂种穗长及某些杂交组合的杂种抽穗期、单株有效分蘖表现超亲.杂种F₁ 高度不育,自交不结实,通过回交和复交得到了包括三属间的杂种后代.除粗厚山羊草与黑麦德国白粒的杂种F₁ 对白粉病免疫外,其它杂种表现中抗至高抗.不同抗性材料的过氧化物酶酶谱存在着差异,慢区酶普的表现与白粉病抗性密切相关.杂种F₁ 减数分裂行为异常,有着广泛的染色体结构变异和纺锤丝功能变异,A、B、D、R及M染色体组间存在着部分同源关系.研究结果为利用粗厚山羊草的有益基因提供了依据.

关键词: 远缘杂交, 生物学特性, 白粉病抗性, 过氧化物酶, 减数分裂

Abstract: The results showed that the seed-set of the hybridization between Ae-gilops crassa and wheat or rye was 3.49-68.28%. Hybrid F₁ generally was a middle type, but the spike length in all combinations and heading data or productive tiller per plant in certain combinations were transgressive. The hybrids were highly sterile and no self-crossed seeds were obtained. The pro-genies of hybrid F₁ including the progenies of these three genera hybrids were obtained by back cross and multiple cross.Except that the hybrid F₁ between Ae. crassa and rye variety (German white grain) was immune to powderymildew, other hybrids had middle or high resistance. Materials with differentresistance to the powdery mildew varied in profile of peroxidase and the phenotype of bands in slow moving region was highly correlated with the re sistance to powdery mildew. The meiosis of F₁ pollen mother cell was irfegular, existing the variation of both chromosome structure and spindle fiber function. There was homologous relationship among A, B, D, R and M genome.

Key words: Distant hybrid Fl, Biological property, Resistance to thepowdery mildew, Peroxidase, Meiosis