Effect of Southern Blight Disease on Defense Enzyme Activity and Phyllosphere Microorganism in Konjac

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195730

Abstract

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of konjac infection with southern blight disease on the defense enzymes and the phyllosphere microorganism of petiole,the activities of catalase (CAT),peroxidase (POD),superoxide dismutase (SOD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO),and chitinase (CHI) in konjac petioles after inoculation with Sclerotium rolfsii (Sr) were determined using a defense enzyme activity kit (spectrophotometer method),and the structure and diversity of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing.The results indicated that the defense enzyme activities in konjac were significantly enhanced after Sr inoculation.Specifically,the activities of CAT and PPO peaked on the third day after Sr inoculation,reaching 6.34 and 5.29 times that of the control group,respectively.The activity of POD continued to increase significantly until the sixth day,reaching 36.98 times that of the control group.The activity of SOD was approximately 1.91 times that of the control group after Sr inoculation,while the activity of CHI was about 5 times that of the control group after Sr inoculation.Analysis of the phyllosphere microbiome revealed that,compared to healthy konjac,the diversity and richness indices of bacterial communities in the leaf petiole phyllosphere showed no significant differences after Sr inoculation,but the richness index exhibited a continuous downward trend.For fungal communities in the leaf petiole phyllosphere,there were no significant differences in diversity and richness indices on the 1st day after Sr inoculation.By the 3rd day,the fungal community diversity index showed no significant difference,while the richness index significantly decreased.By the 6th day,both the diversity and richness indices of the fungal communities were significantly reduced. In healthy A. konjac, the dominant bacterial genera in the petiole phyllosphere were unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Planomicrobium, and Pseudomonas, while the dominant fungal genera were Phoma, Plectosphaerella, and Cladosporium. On day 1 after Sr inoculation, the dominant bacterial genera shifted to Enterobacteriaceae and Pantoea. By days 3 and 6, the dominant bacterial genus became Alcaligenaceae, and the dominant fungal genus shifted to Sclerotinia. The functional pathways of bacterial communities in the leaf petiole phyllosphere of both Sr-inoculated and healthy konjac primarily included secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways,microbial metabolism in diverse environments,ABC transport,and two-component system metabolic pathways.The fungal communities in the petiole phyllosphere of healthy konjac mainly consisted of ten functional groups,including endophytes-saprotrophs-lichen parasites-litter saprotrophs-plant pathogens-soil saprotrophs-wood saprotrophs (31.29%),plant pathogens (27.68%),and animal pathogens-endophytes-lichen parasites-plant pathogens-wood saprotrophs (20.27%).As the duration of Sr inoculation increased,the functional groups of fungi gradually became more homogeneous,with the relative abundance of the functional group comprising fungi-leaf saprotrophs-lichen parasites-lichenized plant pathogens-wood saprotrophs continuously increasing.Correlation analysis revealed that the activity of POD,PPO,CAT,and CHI were positively correlated with most phyllosphere bacteria.The activity of POD and CAT activities were negatively correlated with some phyllosphere fungi,while the activity of POD and SOD were positively correlated with the Sclerotium.

Key words: Amorphophallus muelleri, Southern blight disease, Phyllosphere microorganism, Defense enzyme activity

CLC Number:

S436.32

GAO Penghua, YANG Min, QI Ying, LI Lifang, GUO Jianwei, ZHAO Yongteng, YANG Shaowu, LIU Zhongsi, ZHAO Jianrong, HUANG Feiyan, YU Lei. Effect of Southern Blight Disease on Defense Enzyme Activity and Phyllosphere Microorganism in Konjac[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(1): 202-211. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195730.

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Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Effect of inoculation with Sclerotium rolfsii on defense enzyme activity in Zhuyajin No.1 There are significant differences between different lowercase letters (P<0.05).

Tab.1 Alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi in leaf of Zhuyajin No.1(OTU level)

类型 Type	样品 Sample	多样性指数 Diversity index(Shannon)	丰富度指数 Richness index(ACE)	覆盖度指数 Coverage index
细菌Bacteria	Md0	1.49±1.33a	283.83±15.53a	0.99±0.00a
	Md1	0.89±0.67a	236.68±25.64a	0.99±0.00a
	Md3	1.90±0.18a	194.85±47.44a	0.99±0.00a
	Md6	1.94±0.94a	256.25±21.93a	0.99±0.00a
真菌Fungi	Md0	1.58±0.15a	62.13±17.34a	0.99±0.00a
	Md1	1.87±0.57a	70.79±31.55a	0.99±0.00a
	Md3	1.34±0.51a	90.81±1.45b	0.99±0.00a
	Md6	0.71±0.03b	27.10±7.98b	0.99±0.00a

Fig.2 Venn diagrams of phyllosphere bacteria (A) and fungi (B) OTUs distribution in Zhuyajin No.1 inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii

Fig.3 Relative abundance of phyllosphere bacteria (A) and fungi (B) at the genus level of Zhuyajin No.1 inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii

Fig.4 KEGG functional prediction of phyllosphere bacteria in Zhuyajin No.1 inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii

Fig.5 FUNGuild functional prediction of phyllosphere fungi in Zhuyajin No.1 inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii 1.Endophyte-dung saprotroph-lichen parasite-litter saprotroph-plant pathogen-soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph;2.Plant pathogen;3.Animal pathogen-endophyte-lichen parasite-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph;4.Animal endosymbiont-animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph;5.Animal pathogen-plant pathogen-undefined saprotroph;6.Unknown;7.Undefined saprotroph;8.Animal pathogen-endophyte-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph;9.Epiphyte-leaf saprotroph-lichen parasite-lichenized-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph;10.Others.

Fig.6 Heatmap of the correlation between defense enzyme activity and bacterial communities(A) and fungal communities (B) in the leaf petiole phyllosphere after Sr inoculation ^*.P<0.05;^**. P<0.01;^***.P<0.001.

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