摘要： 玉米新黄4和黄改113的GCA效应低于黄早4,其GCA在地点间的稳定性较差,因此不能用其更换生产上配制的全部杂交组合中的黄早4.27-263×新黄4比豫玉1号极显著增产,达10.1%,可直接用于生产;27-263×黄改113减产0.6%,不显著,黄改113×M₀17比烟单14号减产2.9%,不显著,二者可作为改良单交种进行大面积生产示范试验,然后投入生产.鉴于新黄4和黄改113产量低,抗病性不够好,用其代替黄早4配制杂交种时以作父本为佳.一般配合力的稳定性可以作为衡量自交系好坏及其配制的杂交种适应性强弱的一个重要指标.

关键词: 玉米, 改良系, 改良单交种, 一般配合力, 稳定性

Abstract: The GCA effect and GCA stability of Xin Huang 4 and Huang Gai 113 were lower than Huang Zao 4, which suggested Huang Zao 4 in the hybrid applied to production could not be replaced totally by them. The grain yield of the improved hybrid 27-263×Xin Huang 4 was significantly increased by 10.1% over the original hybrid. This improved hybrid could be applied directly to the production. The grain yield of 27-263×Huang Gai 113 and Huang Gai 113×M₀17 were decreased by 0.6% and 2.9% respectively compared with the original hybrids. They must be tested in the wider regions before they can be used as improved hybrids. Due to low yield and low disease resistance the Xin Huang 4 and Huang Gai 113 may be well used as male parents in replacing Huang Zao 4. The GCA stability could be regared as a important parameter to evaluate maize inbred lines and the adaptability of the hybrids contained them.

Key words: Maize, Improved inbred line, Improved hybrid, GCA stability