摘要： 通过对不同深松方式土壤物理性状及玉米根系分布状况的分析，结果表明，隔行深松（T1）与行行深松（T2）不仅可有效打破犁底层，10～30cm土壤容重和土壤紧实度显著降低，且T2对土壤容重和紧实度的降低作用大于T1；深松增强了土壤的透水性和蓄水能力，2种深松方式土壤水分差异并不显著；由于犁底层的存在，不深松（CK）的根系大部分集中在0～20cm土层范围，且该土层的根干质量、根长密度和根系体积均明显大于T1和T2，而单株根系伤流强度则明显小于T1和T2；深松处理的根系不仅能更好地向深层土壤下扎，而且向植株两侧扩展的范围变大，20—50cm土层根干质量、根长密度和根系体积T1与T2均明显高于CK；并且T1〉T2。深松后倒伏率降低，对增产有一定的促进作用，T1与T2间产量差异并不显著。增产的主要原因是深松显著提高了百粒质量，但对穗粒数的影响并不显著。因此，通过垄间隔行深松可以构建良好的耕层结构，有利于根系的固定和下扎，使根系更好地吸收水分和养分，倒伏率降低、产量增加的同时，较行行深松减少了机械动力消耗。

关键词: 玉米, 深松方式, 土壤物理性状, 根系分布

Abstract: Through analyzing the soil physical characteristics and maize root with different deep loosening mode, the result show that interleave row deep loosening（ T1 ） and each row deep loosening（ T2 ） can not only effec- tively break the soil plough pan,but also decrease the volume weight of soil and soil density in 10 -30 cm. T1 with the bigger effect to decrease the volume weight of soil and soil density than T2. Deep loosening can enhance soil wa- ter permeability and capacity on water depositing and holding. There is no notable difference among two deep loose- ning modes in soil water content. Due to the soil plough pan, the roots of no-deep loosening（CK） were concentrated in 0 - 20 cm depth of soil. The root dry matter,root length density and root surface in this soil layer was bigger than that of T1 and T2. But the root bleeding intensity of CK was lower than that of T1 and T2. The maize root in deep loosening treatment was not only to deep layer soil extend, but also expand the scope to plant two sides. In 20 - 50cm depth of soil,the root dry matter,root length density and root surface were bigger in T1 and T2 than in CK, and T1 was bigger than T2. Deep loosening can reduced the lodging rate and enhanced the yield to some extent. And there are no obvious yield differences between T1 and T2. The main reason for the increase of yield is deep loose- ning improved the 100-grain weight. But there are no obvious differences in kernel numbers per ear. Therefore, through interleave row deep loosening can structure well plough layer and make for maize root fasten and extend in the soil. So root could absorbed more water and nutrient. T1 decreased lodging rate and enhanced maize yield. Meanwhile,T1 decreased machine power consumption than that of T2.

Key words: Maize, Deep loosening mode, Soil physical characteristics, Root distribution

中图分类号: 

• S513.05