小麦(1404-1&#x000D7;Ly-1)F<sub>2</sub>群体穗部性状相关分析及QTL定位

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196592

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了快速高效改良宁夏固原小麦品种/品系,以自育品系1404-1和引进品系Ly-1为亲本构建F₂作图群体,基于液相芯片测序技术,挖掘小麦穗部性状主效QTL。结果表明,构建的小麦F₂群体遗传图谱全长3 442.215 cM,包含4 808个SNP标记;在11条染色体上共检测到37个与株高、穗长、单株粒质量、主穗粒数、百粒质量、粒周长、粒长和粒宽等性状相关的QTL,贡献率为7.2%~15.3%,其中7个为主效QTL;此外,在2A、6A、6D、7A和7B染色体上共鉴定出5个与穗部性状相关的QTL簇,其中Ta-multi7B-1上包含qPH7B.1和qSL7B.1两个主效QTL,其优异等位基因均来源于引进品系Ly-1。Ta-multi7B-1是进行分子标记辅助育种的重要位点,将该位点导入宁夏固原当地优良品系中,有望提高小麦产量,加快分子育种进程。

关键词: 小麦, 穗部性状, 遗传图谱, QTL定位, SNP

Abstract:

To accelerate the genetic improvement of wheat in Guyuan,Ningxia,an F₂ mapping population was developed from a cross between the self-bred line 1404-1 and the introduced line Ly-1.Using liquid chip sequencing,we identified major quantitative trait loci(QTLs)governing spike traits in wheat.The results revealed that the genetic map of the wheat F₂ population spanned 3 442.215 cM and comprised 4 808 SNP markers.A total of 37 QTLs for plant height,spike length,grain weight per plant,grain number per main spike,100-grain weight,grain perimeter,grain length and grain width were detected on 11 chromosomes.These QTLs explained 7.2% to 15.3% of the phenotypic variation,with seven of them classified as major QTLs.Furthermore,five QTL clusters associated with spike traits were detected on chromosomes 2A,6A,6D,7A and 7B,respectively.Notably,the cluster Ta-multi7B-1 harbored two major QTLs,qPH7B.1 and qSL7B.1,with the favourable allele contributed by the introduced parent Ly-1.Ta-multi7B-1 is a prime target for molecular marker-assisted breeding,introgression of this locus into local superior strains,represents a promising strategy to enhance yield and accelerate the process of molecular breeding for wheat improvement in Guyuan,Ningxia.

Key words: Wheat, Spike trait, Genetic map, QTL mapping, SNP

中图分类号:

邵千顺, 勉有明, 黄茂, 谭兆云, 杨琳. 小麦(1404-1×Ly-1)F₂群体穗部性状相关分析及QTL定位[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(5): 23-32. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196592.

SHAO Qianshun, MIAN Youming, HUANG Mao, TAN Zhaoyun, YANG Lin. QTL Mapping and Correlation Analysis for Spike Traits in (1404-1×Ly-1)F₂ Population of Wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 23-32. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196592.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I5/23

图/表 8

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性状 Trait	亲本 Parents		F₂群体 F₂ population
性状 Trait	1404-1 P1	Ly-1 P2	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Average	标准差 s	方差 Variance	峰度 Kurtosis	偏度 Skewness	变异系数/% CV
株高/cm PH	77.80	86.80	79.50	24.50	52.79	13.64	184.64	-0.99	0.00	25.84
穗长/cm SL	7.90	9.50	12.00	3.00	7.79	2.02	4.06	-0.56	0.04	25.96
主穗粒数/个 GNS	36.30	45.00	70.00	2.00	29.20	16.64	274.60	-0.47	0.56	56.98
单株粒质量/g SW	2.67	2.50	7.76	0.40	2.37	1.89	3.54	0.84	1.30	79.83
百粒质量/g HGW	3.58	2.68	5.02	1.13	3.13	0.85	0.72	-0.43	0.01	27.14
粒周长/mm GP	16.71	15.21	18.98	12.74	16.40	1.19	1.41	0.20	-0.40	7.26
粒长/mm GL	6.50	5.85	7.43	5.05	6.19	0.44	0.19	0.58	-0.58	7.03
粒宽/mm GW	3.53	3.30	4.13	2.27	3.29	0.36	0.13	-0.02	-0.18	10.97

性状 Trait	亲本 Parents		F₂群体 F₂ population
性状 Trait	1404-1 P1	Ly-1 P2	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Average	标准差 s	方差 Variance	峰度 Kurtosis	偏度 Skewness	变异系数/% CV
株高/cm PH	77.80	86.80	79.50	24.50	52.79	13.64	184.64	-0.99	0.00	25.84
穗长/cm SL	7.90	9.50	12.00	3.00	7.79	2.02	4.06	-0.56	0.04	25.96
主穗粒数/个 GNS	36.30	45.00	70.00	2.00	29.20	16.64	274.60	-0.47	0.56	56.98
单株粒质量/g SW	2.67	2.50	7.76	0.40	2.37	1.89	3.54	0.84	1.30	79.83
百粒质量/g HGW	3.58	2.68	5.02	1.13	3.13	0.85	0.72	-0.43	0.01	27.14
粒周长/mm GP	16.71	15.21	18.98	12.74	16.40	1.19	1.41	0.20	-0.40	7.26
粒长/mm GL	6.50	5.85	7.43	5.05	6.19	0.44	0.19	0.58	-0.58	7.03
粒宽/mm GW	3.53	3.30	4.13	2.27	3.29	0.36	0.13	-0.02	-0.18	10.97

性状 Traits	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	主穗粒数 Grain number of main spike	单株粒质量 Grain weight per plant	百粒质量 Hundred-grain weight	粒周长 Grain perimeter	粒长 Grain length	粒宽 Grain width
株高 Plant height	1.000
穗长 Spike length	0.868^**	1.000
主穗粒数 Grain number of main spike	0.814^**	0.843^**	1.000
单株粒质量 Grain weight per plant	0.686^**	0.642^**	0.706^**	1.000
百粒质量 100-grain weight	0.537^**	0.588^**	0.662^**	0.594^**	1.000
粒周长 Grain perimeter	0.517^**	0.596^**	0.619^**	0.526^**	0.790^**	1.000
粒长 Grain length	0.440^**	0.548^**	0.556^**	0.449^**	0.660^**	0.936^**	1.000
粒宽 Grain width	0.524^**	0.574^**	0.630^**	0.553^**	0.901^**	0.863^**	0.700^**	1.000

性状 Traits	株高 Plant height	穗长 Spike length	主穗粒数 Grain number of main spike	单株粒质量 Grain weight per plant	百粒质量 Hundred-grain weight	粒周长 Grain perimeter	粒长 Grain length	粒宽 Grain width
株高 Plant height	1.000
穗长 Spike length	0.868^**	1.000
主穗粒数 Grain number of main spike	0.814^**	0.843^**	1.000
单株粒质量 Grain weight per plant	0.686^**	0.642^**	0.706^**	1.000
百粒质量 100-grain weight	0.537^**	0.588^**	0.662^**	0.594^**	1.000
粒周长 Grain perimeter	0.517^**	0.596^**	0.619^**	0.526^**	0.790^**	1.000
粒长 Grain length	0.440^**	0.548^**	0.556^**	0.449^**	0.660^**	0.936^**	1.000
粒宽 Grain width	0.524^**	0.574^**	0.630^**	0.553^**	0.901^**	0.863^**	0.700^**	1.000

染色体 Chromosome	连锁群 Linkage group	标记数 Marker count	总长/cM Total	平均值/cM Average
1A	1A.L1	217	155.865 86	0.718 28
1B	1B.L1	359	190.558 16	0.530 80
1D	1D.L1	136	104.355 39	0.767 32
2A	2A.L1	878	236.724 42	0.269 62
2B	2B.L1	379	198.848 11	0.524 67
2D	2D.L2	72	103.560 81	1.438 34
3A	3A.L1	248	278.961 84	1.124 85
3B	3B.L1	359	238.076 91	0.663 17
3D	3D.L1	72	141.954 15	1.971 59
4A	4A.L1	288	134.799 19	0.468 05
4B	4B.L1	81	154.525 89	1.907 73
4D	4D.L1	50	63.422 83	1.268 46
5A	5A.L1	152	183.670 70	1.208 36
5B	5B.L1	253	112.519 73	0.444 74
5D	5D.L1	72	192.602 80	2.675 04
6A	6A.L1	128	149.663 51	1.169 25
6B	6B.L1	266	147.626 13	0.554 99
6D	6D.L2	34	80.890 37	2.379 13
7A	7A.L1	299	244.251 48	0.816 89
7B	7B.L1	382	220.983 36	0.578 49
7D	7D.L2	83	108.353 78	1.305 47
总计 Total		4 808	3 442.215 00

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小麦(1404-1×Ly-1)F₂群体穗部性状相关分析及QTL定位

QTL Mapping and Correlation Analysis for Spike Traits in (1404-1×Ly-1)F₂ Population of Wheat

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性状 Trait	染色体 Chromosome	QTL		标记区间 Marker interval			LOD	贡献率/% PVE	加性效应 Additive
株高	1A	qPH1A.1	79.565	1A_319733277	-	1A_497210220	2.04	7.2	0.054
PH	1B	qPH1B.1	163.760	1B_634987663	-	1B_655756667	2.24	7.9	4.402
	2A	qPH2A.1^*	134.003	2A_591622167	-	2A_733858894	3.33	11.5	-6.798
	3B	qPH3B.1	147.618	3B_705155741	-	3B_764742114	2.62	9.2	-4.630
	6A	qPH6A.1^*	44.949	6A_26562923	-	6A_52782629	3.33	11.5	4.536
	7B	qPH7B.1^*	92.361	7B_129825438	-	7B_587518627	3.46	12.0	-6.547
穗长	2A	qSL2A.1	134.003	2A_636896810	-	2A_715756766	2.07	7.4	-0.800
SL	4A	qSL4A.1	132.127	4A_631483321	-	4A_707879501	2.55	9.0	-0.238
	6A	qSL6A.1	44.949	6A_22200978	-	6A_52782629	2.50	8.9	0.702
	7B	qSL7B.1^*	92.361	7B_162322856	-	7B_587518627	3.49	12.2	-0.960
主穗粒数	1A	qGNS1A.1	79.565	1A_341389472	-	1A_497210220	2.49	8.8	-1.381
GNS	2A	qGNS2A.1	29.754	2A_23391890	-	2A_27555168	2.43	8.6	5.436
	4A	qGNS4A.1	4.381	4A_12158390	-	4A_26066264	2.48	8.7	7.188
	6A	qGNS6A.1	44.949	6A_22200978	-	6A_52782629	2.24	7.9	6.057
	7B	qGNS7B.1	87.818	7B_162322856	-	7B_587518627	2.30	8.1	-6.648
	7B	qGNS7B.2	148.986	7B_642082931	-	7B_656304781	2.04	7.2	-6.468
单株粒质量	1B	qSW1B.1	41.476	1B_19059495	-	1B_57698335	2.17	10.5	0.163
SW	1B	qSW1B.2	143.385	1B_597262125	-	1B_641922917	2.44	11.8	0.299
	2B	qSW2B.1	46.079	2B_41958337	-	2B_75613720	2.16	10.5	0.297
	4D	qSW4D.1^*	8.949	4D_13215376	-	4D_44617726	3.25	15.3	0.588
	6A	qSW6A.1	43.804	6A_26562923	-	6A_48803643	2.82	13.4	0.888
	7A	qSW7A.1	50.416	7A_52950071	-	7A_109843475	2.01	9.8	-0.388
百粒质量	2B	qHGW2B.1	122.193	2B_485169465	-	2B_593335690	2.73	10.0	0.062
HGW	4A	qHGW4A.1	4.381	4A_12158390	-	4A_26066264	2.14	8.0	3.448
	6A	qHGW6A.1	51.331	6A_26562923	-	6A_60431746	2.77	10.2	3.798
	6D	qHGW6D.1^*	0^#	6D_69925042	-	6D_312130082	3.86	13.9	0.865
	7A	qHGW7A.1	141.324	7A_639726590	-	7A_670876870	2.48	9.1	3.581
	7B	qHGW7B.1	83.605	7B_143855982	-	7B_538243853	2.24	8.3	-3.276
粒周长	6A	qGP6A.1	51.331	6A_22200978	-	6A_52782629	2.22	8.2	0.502
GP	6D	qGP6D.1	0^#	6D_69925042	-	6D_312130082	2.58	9.5	0.182
	7A	qGP7A.1	141.706	7A_639726590	-	7A_670876870	2.65	9.7	0.636
粒长	3B	qGL3B.1	154.184	3B_738758772	-	3B_750131682	2.38	9.0	-0.189
GL	7A	qGL7A.1	141.706	7A_639726590	-	7A_670876870	2.38	9.0	0.190
粒宽	2A	qGW2A.1	134.003	2A_596248659	-	2A_753961354	2.80	10.2	-0.155
GW	6A	qGW6A.1	44.949	6A_26562923	-	6A_52782629	2.24	8.2	0.145
	6D	qGW6D.1^*	0^#	6D_69925042	-	6D_312130082	3.28	11.8	0.071
	7B	qGW7B.1	83.605	7B_129825438	-	7B_538243853	2.18	8.0	-0.133

簇 Cluster	QTL	侧翼标记 Flanking markers
Ta-multi2A-1	qPH2A.1^、qSL2A.1、qGW2A.1*	2A_591622167	-	2A_733858894
Ta-multi6A-1	qPH6A.1^、qSL6A.1、qGNS6A.1、qSW6A.1、qGW6A.1*	6A_22200978	-	6A_52782629
Ta-multi6D-1	qHGW6D.1^、qGP6D.1、qGW6D.1^	6D_69925042	-	6D_312130082
Ta-multi7A-1	qHGW7A.1、qGP7A.1、qGL7A.1	7A_639726590	-	7A_670876870
Ta-multi7B-1	qPH7B.1^、qSL7B.1^、qGNS7B.1、qHGW7B.1、qGW7B.1	7B_129825438	-	7B_538243853

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小麦(1404-1×Ly-1)F2群体穗部性状相关分析及QTL定位

QTL Mapping and Correlation Analysis for Spike Traits in (1404-1×Ly-1)F2 Population of Wheat

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小麦(1404-1×Ly-1)F₂群体穗部性状相关分析及QTL定位

QTL Mapping and Correlation Analysis for Spike Traits in (1404-1×Ly-1)F₂ Population of Wheat