摘要：

为探究补光环境下施用黄腐酸钾-有机物料复合体对番茄产量品质及土壤微环境的协同增效机制,设置2个光环境处理:白光(W)、红蓝光(T),4个改良剂处理:无改良剂添加(KB)、腐熟玉米秸秆粉(KF)、普通黄腐酸(KP)、黄腐酸钾-有机物料复合体(KS),研究不同处理对土壤酶活性、理化性质、根际溶液养分、根系形态生理、光合特性及果实产量品质的影响。结果表明:与W-KB处理相比,T-KS处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高45.71%,57.88%,17.25%;土壤有机质含量、有效锌和有效铁含量分别增加63.61%,53.55%,46.85%,pH值和EC值分别降低3.62%,15.65%;根际溶液锌、铁浓度分别提高75.12%,88.18%,溶液pH值降低4.22%;根长和根系活力分别提升27.86%,85.93%;净光合速率和最大光化学效率分别提高40.94%,3.40%;最终,T-KS处理使单株果数、单果质量、单株产量增加25.46%,16.54%,45.93%,同时显著改善果实品质,使可溶性固形物、维生素C、番茄红素、可溶性糖含量分别提高20.61%,32.27%,30.75%,29.56%,可滴定酸含量降低10.93%,糖酸比提升45.42%。相关性分析与主成分分析表明,各指标对产量品质均有显著影响。结构方程模型揭示,复合体在红蓝光下通过“土壤酶活性-根际微环境-根系发育-光合性能-果实提升”路径产生协同增效。综上,红蓝光环境下施用复合体能改善土壤养分供应,促进根系发育与光合性能提升,实现番茄产量与品质协同提高。

关键词: 番茄, 补光, 黄腐酸钾, 有机物料, 产量品质

Abstract:

To investigate the synergistic enhancement mechanism of applying fulvic acid-potassium organic complex on tomato yield,quality,and soil microenvironment under supplemental lighting,two light environments(white light, W;red-blue light, T)and four amendment treatments(no amendment,KB;decomposed corn straw,KF;ordinary fulvic acid, KP;fulvic acid potassium organic complex,KS)were established.The effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities,physicochemical properties,rhizosphere solution nutrients,root morphology and physiology,photosynthetic characteristics,and fruit yield and quality were systematically studied.The results showed that compared with the W-KB treatment,the T-KS treatment increased soil urease,sucrase,and catalase activities by 45.71%,57.88%,and 17.25%,respectively.The contents of soil organic matter,available zinc and iron increased by 63.61%,53.55% and 46.85% respectively, while the pH value and EC value decreased by 3.62% and 15.65%, respectively. The concentrations of zinc and iron in the rhizosphere solution increased by 75.12% and 88.18% respectively,and the pH of the solution decreased by 4.22%.The root length and root system vitality increased by 27.86% and 85.93% respectively.The net photosynthetic rate and maximum photochemical efficiency increased by 40.94% and 3.40% respectively. Ultimately,T-KS treatment increased the number of fruits per plant,the single fruit weight,and the yield per plant by 25.46%,16.54%,and 45.93% respectively. At the same time,it significantly improved the fruit quality,increasing the contents of soluble solids,vitamin C,lycopene and soluble sugar by 20.61%, 32.27%, 30.75%, and 29.56% respectively. The titratable acid content decreased by 10.93%,while the sugar-acid ratio increased by 45.42%.Correlation and principal component analyses showed that all measured indicators had significant effects on yield and quality.Structural equation modeling revealed that,under red-blue light,the complex exerts synergistic effects through the pathway of “soil enzyme activity-rhizosphere micro-environment-root development-photosynthetic performance-fruit enhancement”.In conclusion,applying the complex under red-blue light improves soil nutrients,promotes root development and photosynthetic performance,and thereby enhances tomato yield and quality.

Key words: Tomato, Supplementary lighting, Potassium fulvate, Organic materials, Quality and yield

中图分类号: 

• S641.2

• S627瓜果设施园艺