基于55K芯片小麦株高性状QTL分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在挖掘新的与株高相关且具有育种应用价值的主效QTL,筛选可用于分子标记辅助育种的优异基因位点,为小麦株型改良、抗倒伏能力提升及高产育种提供理论依据和分子资源。以株高性状存在差异的小麦品种安农1589和轮选6号为亲本,所构建的162份DH群体株高性状差异显著,以此作为试验材料,利用小麦55K SNP芯片对DH群体进行全基因组基因型分型,分子标记筛选与构建高密度遗传连锁图谱,结合3 a 6个环境的群体株高田间表型鉴定数据,开展小麦株高性状全基因组QTL定位挖掘研究。结果表明,采用完备区间作图对株高性状进行QTL定位,共鉴定到4个多环境下稳定存在的主效QTL,分别定位于4B、4D、5D和6D染色体上,单个QTL可解释7.08%~39.31%的表型变异。其中,位于4B染色体的Qph.ahau-4B在全部6个环境及最佳线性无偏预测(BLUP)分析中均能稳定检测到,可分别解释28.65%~39.31%的表型变异,该位点物理区间为20.61~22.26 Mb,侧翼标记分别为AX-109018264和AX-109968140,加性效应为-9.34~-8.68 cm,效果显著且遗传稳定性强,属于尚未报道的新的稳定主效矮秆QTL位点。综上,通过多个环境下的田间表型数据与遗传定位分析,成功在 4B 染色体区段获得一个多个环境下均稳定存在的小麦株高主效 QTL。

关键词: 小麦, 株高, 55K芯片, QTL

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to identify novel major QTLs conferring plant height with breeding potential, and to screen favorable gene loci for marker-assisted selection, so as to provide theoretical basis and molecular resources for plant architecture improvement, lodging resistance improvement and high-yield breeding in wheat. A total of 162 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from wheat cultivars AN1589 and LX6 were used as experimental materials, which exhibited significant phenotypic variation in plant height. The DH population was genotyped with the wheat 55K SNP array, and polymorphic molecular markers were screened to construct a high-density genetic linkage map. Combined with phenotypic data of plant height collected from six environments across three consecutive years, genome-wide QTL mapping was performed for plant height traits. Four environmentally stable major QTLs were detected via inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM), which were distributed on chromosomes 4B, 4D, 5D and 6D, individually explaining 7.08%-39.31% of the phenotypic variation. Among them, Qph.ahau-4B was steadily identified in all six environments and BLUP analysis, explaining 28.65%-39.31% of the phenotypic variation. This locus covered a physical interval of 20.61-22.26 Mb, flanked by markers AX-109018264 and AX-109968140, with an additive effect ranging from -9.34 cm to -8.68 cm. This QTL presented prominent genetic effect and high environmental stability, and was verified as a novel and previously unreported major dwarfing QTL by literature comparison. In conclusion, a novel major and environmentally stable QTL for plant height was successfully identified on chromosome 4B. It lays a foundation for subsequent fine mapping, gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted breeding in wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Plant height, 55K chip, QTL

中图分类号:

常梦帅, 王李红, 刘雪珺, 刘萍, 吴美琴, 陈心怡, 卢杰. 基于55K芯片小麦株高性状QTL分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(3): 11-16. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196102.

CHANG Mengshuai, WANG Lihong, LIU Xuejun, LIU Ping, WU Meiqin, CHEN Xinyi, LU Jie. QTL Mapping Analysis of Plant Height Traits of Wheat Based on 55K Chip[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 11-16. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196102.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I3/11

图/表 5

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项目 Project	染色体 Chromosome	标记数 Marker number	遗传长度/cM Genetic length	最大间距/cM Max interval	平均间距/cM Average map distance
第一部分同源群	1A	98	312.21	58.74	3.19
Part one: homoelogous group	1B	109	522.73	58.88	4.80
	1D	116	272.56	19.06	2.35
第二部分同源群	2A	73	489.01	82.76	6.70
Part two: homoelogous group	2B	101	252.79	24.71	2.50
	2D	102	877.95	60.84	8.61
第三部分同源群	3A	109	532.84	84.18	4.89
Part three: homoelogous group	3B	85	286.12	27.68	3.37
	3D	95	703.46	75.42	7.40
第四部分同源群	4A	91	752.86	81.54	4.98
Part four: homoelogous group	4B	105	300.43	66.33	2.86
	4D	90	197.81	16.58	2.20
第五部分同源群	5A	126	409.50	56.84	3.25
Part five: homoelogous group	5B	130	311.10	41.00	2.39
	5D	144	1 192.89	68.07	8.28
第六部分同源群	6A	99	453.32	61.29	4.58
Part six: homoelogous group	6B	99	253.86	33.17	2.56
	6D	113	874.07	71.98	7.74
第七部分同源群	7A	142	409.30	22.91	2.88
Part seven: homoelogous group	7B	113	570.24	73.79	5.05
	7D	119	910.95	63.78	7.66
总计Total		2 259	10 586.00	84.18	4.69

项目 Project	染色体 Chromosome	标记数 Marker number	遗传长度/cM Genetic length	最大间距/cM Max interval	平均间距/cM Average map distance
第一部分同源群	1A	98	312.21	58.74	3.19
Part one: homoelogous group	1B	109	522.73	58.88	4.80
	1D	116	272.56	19.06	2.35
第二部分同源群	2A	73	489.01	82.76	6.70
Part two: homoelogous group	2B	101	252.79	24.71	2.50
	2D	102	877.95	60.84	8.61
第三部分同源群	3A	109	532.84	84.18	4.89
Part three: homoelogous group	3B	85	286.12	27.68	3.37
	3D	95	703.46	75.42	7.40
第四部分同源群	4A	91	752.86	81.54	4.98
Part four: homoelogous group	4B	105	300.43	66.33	2.86
	4D	90	197.81	16.58	2.20
第五部分同源群	5A	126	409.50	56.84	3.25
Part five: homoelogous group	5B	130	311.10	41.00	2.39
	5D	144	1 192.89	68.07	8.28
第六部分同源群	6A	99	453.32	61.29	4.58
Part six: homoelogous group	6B	99	253.86	33.17	2.56
	6D	113	874.07	71.98	7.74
第七部分同源群	7A	142	409.30	22.91	2.88
Part seven: homoelogous group	7B	113	570.24	73.79	5.05
	7D	119	910.95	63.78	7.66
总计Total		2 259	10 586.00	84.18	4.69

环境 Environment		亲本 Parent		DH群体 DH population
环境 Environment		安农 1589/cm AN1589	轮选6号/ cm LX6hao	最小值/ cm Min	最大值/ cm Max	均值± 标准差/cm Mean±s	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	变异系数/ % CV	遗传力 H²
E1	79.00		77.00	40.00	115.00	73.67±15.59	0.07	-0.25	21.16	0.97
E2	74.18		72.86	44.50	109.70	77.43±14.65	-0.35	-0.19	18.92
E3	88.78		72.18	42.20	113.90	75.53±14.06	-0.41	-0.09	18.62
E4	73.33		68.00	31.70	107.00	69.28±15.31	-0.12	-0.36	22.10
E5	80.73		74.48	40.90	109.94	74.90±15.13	-0.29	-0.21	20.20
E6	82.50		73.07	37.63	115.00	75.88±17.04	0.28	-0.63	22.45
BLUP	77.08		75.52	42.66	106.18	74.45±14.08	-0.26	-0.29	18.91

环境 Environment		亲本 Parent		DH群体 DH population
环境 Environment		安农 1589/cm AN1589	轮选6号/ cm LX6hao	最小值/ cm Min	最大值/ cm Max	均值± 标准差/cm Mean±s	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis	变异系数/ % CV	遗传力 H²
E1	79.00		77.00	40.00	115.00	73.67±15.59	0.07	-0.25	21.16	0.97
E2	74.18		72.86	44.50	109.70	77.43±14.65	-0.35	-0.19	18.92
E3	88.78		72.18	42.20	113.90	75.53±14.06	-0.41	-0.09	18.62
E4	73.33		68.00	31.70	107.00	69.28±15.31	-0.12	-0.36	22.10
E5	80.73		74.48	40.90	109.94	74.90±15.13	-0.29	-0.21	20.20
E6	82.50		73.07	37.63	115.00	75.88±17.04	0.28	-0.63	22.45
BLUP	77.08		75.52	42.66	106.18	74.45±14.08	-0.26	-0.29	18.91

位点 QTL	染色体 Chr.	物理位置/Mb Physical position	侧翼标记 Flanking marker	环境 Environment	检测限 LOD	表型贡献率/% PVE	加性效应/cm Add
Qph.ahau-4B	4B	20.61~22.26	AX-109018264~ AX-109968140	E1、E2、E3、E4、 E5、E6、BLUP	11.94~16.50	28.65~39.31	-9.34~-8.68
Qph.ahau-4D	4D	17.08~27.15	AX-111071805~ AX-89398511	E1、E2、E3、E4、 E5、E6、BLUP	9.15~14.2	22.16~31.74	7.46~9.06
Qph.ahau-5D	5D	414.84~434.47	AX-109968486~ AX-109485887	E3、E4、BLUP	3.01~3.70	9.55~12.15	-4.93~-4.09
Qph.ahau-6D	6D	47.93~55.93	AX-95252437~ AX-110421763	E2、E3、E4、BLUP	2.44~2.93	7.08~8.12	-4.24~-3.83

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