不同水分梯度对半干旱地区马铃薯生长及光合特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示半干旱区马铃薯在关键生育阶段生长发育及光合特性对不同水分梯度的响应特征,通过开展渍水(土壤含水量保持85%田间持水量)和干旱胁迫(土壤含水量为65%田间持水量时开始持续干旱)的模拟试验,对马铃薯各项生长发育及光合指标进行研究。结果表明,随着生育进程,渍水处理下马铃薯株高、生物量积累与正常灌溉处理相差不大,干旱胁迫下显著降低马铃薯株高生长及生物量的积累,同时干旱胁迫明显降低马铃薯叶片光合特性,其中净光合速率、气孔导度分别下降43%,55%,渍水处理各光合参数(除气孔导度外)与正常灌溉处理无显著差异。干旱胁迫及渍水处理不同程度降低马铃薯叶片的光合能力及对光能的利用,其中渍水条件下马铃薯叶片遇强光时生长发育更易受到抑制,并且降低马铃薯叶片活性,马铃薯叶片在干旱条件下遇弱光时生长发育更易受到抑制,但未降低马铃薯叶片活性。综合分析发现,半干旱区马铃薯在块茎膨大期更易受到干旱胁迫的影响,其次是渍水持续时间较长影响马铃薯的生长发育。

关键词: 马铃薯, 水分胁迫, 光合特性, 半干旱区, 渍水处理

Abstract:

In order to reveal the response characteristics of potato growth,development,and photosynthetic traits to different water gradients during the critical growth period in semi-arid regions,this study conducted simulated experiments involving waterlogging (soil moisture maintained at 85% field capacity)and drought stress (drought initiated when soil moisture reached 65% field capacity)to investigate various growth traits and photosynthetic parameters of potatoes.The results showed that the plant height and biomass accumulation of potatoes under waterlogging were not different from those under normal irrigation.The plant height growth and biomass accumulation of potato under drought stress were significantly decreased.Meanwhile,the photosynthetic characteristics of potato leaves were significantly decreased under drought stress,including a 43% reduction in net photosynthetic rate and a 55% reduction in stomatal conductance.There was no significant difference in photosynthetic characteristics(except for stomatal conductance)between waterlogging treatment and normal irrigation treatment.Drought stress and waterlogging treatment decreased the photosynthetic capacity and light energy utilization of potato leaves to different degrees.Among them,under waterlogging conditions,the growth and development of potato leaves were more easily inhibited when exposed to strong light,and the activity of potato leaves was reduced.The growth and development of potato leaves were more easily inhibited when exposed to weak light under drought conditions,but the activity of potato leaves was not reduced.Comprehensive analysis showed that potato was more susceptible to drought stress in tuber expansion stage in semi-arid region,followed by longer waterlogging duration affecting potato growth and development.

Key words: Potato, Water stress, Photosynthetic characteristic, Semi-arid region, Waterlogging treatment

中图分类号:

杨阳, 赵鸿, 张凯, 唐玉瑞, 鹿文涵. 不同水分梯度对半干旱地区马铃薯生长及光合特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 111-118. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196035.

YANG Yang, ZHAO Hong, ZHANG Kai, TANG Yurui, LU Wenhan. Effects of Different Water Gradients on Potato Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Semi-arid Areas[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 111-118. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196035.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/111

图/表 7

图1 不同水分梯度下马铃薯株高的变化比较不同小写字母表示处理间在0.05水平上差异显著。图2—3同。

Fig.1 Comparison of variation of potato plant height under different water gradient Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments at the 0.05 level.The same as Fig.2—3.

图2 不同水分梯度下马铃薯干物质分配的变化比较

Fig.2 Comparison of variation of potato dry matter distribution under different water gradients

图3 不同水分梯度下马铃薯叶绿素含量的变化比较

Fig.3 Comparison of variation of chlorophyll content in potato under different water gradients

图4 不同水分梯度下马铃薯叶片光响应曲线的变化比较

Fig.4 Comparison of variation of light response curves of potato leaves under different water gradients

表1 不同水分梯度下马铃薯叶片光响应参数的变化趋势

Tab.1 Variation trend of light response parameters of potato leaves under different water gradients

处理 Treatment	Pn_max/ (μmol/(m²·s))	LSP/ (μmol/(m²·s))	LCP/ (μmol/(m²·s))	Rd/ (μmol/(m²·s))	AQY
CK	18.226 8	1 418.126	22.088 5	1.836 0	0.078
T1	15.808 7	1 211.363	22.037 8	1.510 4	0.059
T2	10.388 4	1 562.113	32.864 1	2.129 0	0.066

表2 不同水分梯度下马铃薯叶片光合特性的变化

Tab.2 Variation of photosynthetic characteristics of potato leaves under different water gradients

处理 Treatment	Pn/ (μmol/(m²·s))	Gs/ (mol/(m²·s))	Ci/ (μmol/mol)	Tr/ (mmol/(m²·s))	WUE/ (μmol/mmol)	Ls
CK	18.114±1.418a	0.129±0.003b	111.407±2.101ab	2.879±0.355a	6.291±1.287a	0.646±0.063ab
T1	15.580±0.855a	0.190±0.011a	229.278±0.388a	3.854±0.400a	4.110±0.649a	0.394±0.002b
T2	10.386±0.112b	0.058±0.010c	93.369±10.945b	2.758±0.710a	3.822±0.805a	0.758±0.120a

表3 不同水分梯度下马铃薯生长指标的主成分分析

Tab.3 Principal component analysis of potato growth indices under different water gradients

指标 Index	主成分Principal component
指标 Index	Z₁	Z₂	Z₃
Pn_max	0.220 6	-0.124 4	0.545 0
LSP	0.107 5	-0.228 0	-0.508 7
LCP	-0.191 9	0.454 6	-0.127 6
Rd	-0.229 2	0.382 5	0.188 9
株高Plant height	0.361 7	-0.207 7	-0.187 6
SPAD	0.340 5	0.053 7	0.215 3
生物量Biomass	0.321 8	-0.223 5	-0.289 4
Gs	0.379 4	0.100 4	0.243 3
Ci	0.349 0	0.273 8	-0.074 1
Tr	0.300 0	0.357 5	0.031 8
WUE	-0.083 4	-0.427 6	0.363 3
Ls	-0.354 3	-0.264 3	0.062 1
AQY	-0.108 7	0.134 5	-0.159 2
特征值	5.78	3.64	2.06
Eigenvalue
贡献率/%	44.47	27.99	15.81
Contribution rate
累计贡献率/%	44.47	72.45	88.26
Cumulative contribution rate

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