氧化石墨烯对番茄植株生长发育和果实品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196303

华北农学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 101-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196303

所属专题： 番茄；蔬菜专题；栽培生理；

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

氧化石墨烯对番茄植株生长发育和果实品质的影响

葛赛¹^,²^,³, 韩亚梅¹^,²^,³, 林雨欣¹^,², 郭绪虎⁴, 赵建国¹^,², 孙曼銮¹^,²

¹ 山西大同大学煤基生态碳汇技术教育部工程研究中心, 山西大同 037009
² 山西大同大学石墨烯林业应用国家林草局重点实验室, 山西大同 037009
³ 山西大同大学化学与化工学院, 山西大同 037009
⁴ 山西大同大学农学与生命科学学院, 山西大同 037009

收稿日期:2025-07-21 出版日期:2026-04-28
通讯作者:
孙曼銮(1988—),女,山西大同人,副教授,博士,主要从事微生物功能与代谢研究。
作者简介:
葛赛(1987—),男,湖北武汉人,副教授,博士,主要从事碳纳米材料的环境效应研究。
基金资助:
山西省基础研究计划(202303021211181); 山西省基础研究计划(20210302124435); 山西省大同市科技计划应用基础研究项目(2024075); 山西大同大学研究生科研创新项目(2024KYCX57); 山西大同大学研究生教育改革研究(23JG05)

Effects of Graphene Oxide on the Growth and Development of Tomato Plants and Fruit Quality

GE Sai¹^,²^,³, HAN Yamei¹^,²^,³, LIN Yuxin¹^,², GUO Xuhu⁴, ZHAO Jianguo¹^,², SUN Manluan¹^,²

¹ Engineering Research Center of Coal-based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
² Key Laboratory of Graphene Forestry Application of National Forest and Grass Administration, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
³ Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
⁴ Department of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China

Received:2025-07-21 Published:2026-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究氧化石墨烯作为新型纳米材料对植物生长发育和果实品质的影响,以Micro-Tom番茄为研究对象,测定其在不同氧化石墨烯浓度水平下的种子萌发率、幼苗株高与茎粗、光合作用效率、果实产量、抗氧化酶活性,以及可溶性固形物、番茄红素、维生素C含量等内含物质积累情况,并评估氧化石墨烯应用于农林业领域的安全性。结果表明,氧化石墨烯质量浓度为50,100,200 mg/L时均能促进种子萌发并提高种子萌发率和胚根长度,其中,氧化石墨烯质量浓度为200 mg/L时效果最佳。氧化石墨烯质量浓度为50,100 mg/L时还可有效增加植株生物量,提升光合作用效率,增强植株内抗氧化酶活性,同时提高单果鲜质量和产量。尤为重要的是氧化石墨烯质量浓度为50 mg/L时还可显著提升果实维生素C含量,证实其具有改善番茄果实营养价值的潜力。安全性评估结果显示,氧化石墨烯处理后的番茄植株各组织中均未检测到氧化石墨烯的存在,表明其在促进番茄植株生长的同时并无显著残留,具有良好的生物安全性。因此,适宜质量浓度的氧化石墨烯(50 mg/L)可作为一种高效且相对安全的植物生长促进剂,实现番茄产量与果实品质的协同提升。

关键词: 番茄, 氧化石墨烯, 植物生长发育, 果实品质, 安全性评估

Abstract:

In order to analyze the effects of graphene oxide(GO),a novel nanomaterial,on plant growth,development,and fruit quality,Micro-Tom tomato was used as the model plant.Parameters measured included seed germination rate,seedling height,stem diameter,photosynthetic efficiency,fruit yield,antioxidant enzyme activities,and the accumulation of internal fruit components such as soluble solids content,lycopene,and vitamin C under varying GO concentration levels.The safety implications of GO application in agriculture and forestry were also evaluated.The results indicated that GO concentrations of 50,100,200 mg/L significantly enhanced seed germination rate,promoted germination,and increased radicle length,with the most pronounced effect observed at 200 mg/L GO.Concentrations of 50,100 mg/L GO exhibited significant positive effects:effectively increasing plant biomass,improving photosynthetic efficiency,enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities within the plants(contributing to the maintenance of redox homeostasis),and simultaneously elevating single-fruit fresh weight and overall yield.Notably,50 mg/L GO significantly increased fruit vitamin C content,directly demonstrating its potential to enhance the nutritional value of tomato fruits.Meanwhile,no detectable accumulation of GO was found in any tissues of the treated tomato plants.This finding provides critical evidence for assessing the biosafety of GO,preliminarily indicating that its plant growth promotion occurred without significant concomitant accumulation.Therefore,an appropriate concentration of GO,particularly 50 mg/L,can function as an efficient and relatively safe plant growth promoter,achieving synergistic improvements in tomato yield and fruit quality.

Key words: Tomato, Graphene oxide, Plant growth and development, Fruit quality, Safety assessment

中图分类号:

葛赛, 韩亚梅, 林雨欣, 郭绪虎, 赵建国, 孙曼銮. 氧化石墨烯对番茄植株生长发育和果实品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(2): 101-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196303.

GE Sai, HAN Yamei, LIN Yuxin, GUO Xuhu, ZHAO Jianguo, SUN Manluan. Effects of Graphene Oxide on the Growth and Development of Tomato Plants and Fruit Quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(2): 101-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196303.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I2/101

图/表 7

图1 GO的表征 A和B.扫描电镜图;C.X射线衍射谱;D.拉曼光谱。

Fig.1 Characterization of GO A and B.SEM images;C.XRD pattern;D.Raman spectroscopy pattern.

图2 不同浓度GO对番茄种子萌发率和胚根长度的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.2 Effects of different GO concentrations on the germination rate(A)and radicle length(B,C)of tomato seeds Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05).

图3 不同浓度GO处理对番茄株高和茎粗的影响不同大写字母表示相同GO质量浓度下,不同处理时间下差异显著(P<0.05); 不同小写字母表示相同处理时间下,不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图4同。

Fig.3 Effects of different GO concentrations on the plant height,and stem diameter of tomatoes Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different treatment times under the same GO concentration(P<0.05);Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments under the same treatment time(P<0.05).The same as Fig.4.

表1 不同浓度GO处理对番茄叶片光合作用强度的影响

Tab.1 Effects of different GO concentrations on photosynthetic intensity of tomato leaves

处理 Treatment		Pn/(μmol/(m²·s))	Ci/(μmol/mol)	Tr/(mmol/(m²·s))	Gs/(μmol/(m²·s))
40 d	CK	6.40±0.10b	366.33±4.04b	4.03±0.96cd	159.33±26.69cd
	G50	9.30±1.39a	329.00±16.00c	5.20±0.20c	364.33±58.59b
	G100	8.90±0.26a	389.33±14.98a	10.47±0.70a	613.67±36.35a
	G200	3.50±1.71c	368.11±0.93ab	8.30±1.71b	387.33±63.22b
	G500	2.40±0.99c	317.00±13.00c	3.43±0.55d	232.66±38.18c
	G1000	3.50±0.98c	321.33±6.66c	3.93±0.32cd	112.00±29.05d
80 d	CK	4.87±1.12a	371.00±20.95ab	6.17±0.81b	288.67±55.25b
	G50	5.93±0.61a	411.33±28.04a	6.73±0.25ab	290.33±35.53b
	G100	7.00±1.41a	399.33±18.77a	7.90±0.92a	414.33±90.12a
	G200	5.83±1.50a	379.00±12.12ab	3.73±1.18c	207.33±35.73bc
	G500	5.97±0.97a	351.33±16.80b	3.90±0.30c	242.00±53.33b
	G1000	5.53±1.16a	338.00±34.39b	3.80±0.17c	118.33±21.78c

图4 不同浓度GO处理对番茄抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different GO concentrations on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of MDA in tomatoes

表2 不同浓度GO处理对番茄果实品质的影响

Tab.2 Effects of different GO concentrations on tomato fruit quality

处理 Treatment	单果鲜质量/g Fresh weight per fruit	单果直径/mm Fruit diameter per fruit	单株产量/g Yield per plant	坐果率/% Fruit set rate	可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solids content	VC含量/ (mg/g) VC content	番茄红素含量/(μg/g) Lycopene content
CK	2.62±0.26b	16.19±1.36c	26.59±3.36c	47.15±15.76a	5.200±0.265a	0.037±0.012b	110.761±6.496a
G50	6.33±0.68a	23.01±1.38a	41.15±6.53ab	51.00±17.81a	7.033±1.069a	0.054±0.001a	100.841±22.650ab
G100	6.06±1.36a	23.21±1.39a	49.06±4.41a	53.48±9.56a	6.267±0.252a	0.053±0.005a	107.878±7.661a
G200	5.88±1.16a	21.07±2.41ab	48.25±5.87a	50.42±9.26a	6.967±1.050a	0.057±0.005a	67.729±21.494c
G500	3.38±0.52b	19.22±0.50b	40.58±9.79ab	46.95±8.46a	7.000±2.343a	0.056±0.008a	97.349±24.442abc
G1000	3.10±0.88b	18.60±0.78bc	33.83±6.66bc	51.85±3.21a	5.633±0.551a	0.066±0.009a	73.903±6.876bc

图5 番茄叶片组织的拉曼光谱分析

Fig.5 Raman spectrogram of tomato leaf tissue

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