蚯蚓粪和化肥不同比例配施对大豆产量和品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195484

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究蚯蚓粪在大豆种植过程中用于化肥减施的部分替代,探究蚯蚓粪和化肥不同配施比例对大豆产量和品质的影响,通过对大豆农艺性状、产量性状、品质性状和土壤指标的统计和分析,筛选出适宜大豆栽培的蚯蚓粪和化肥配施比例。结果表明,与未施肥料相比,单施蚯蚓粪、单施化肥及蚯蚓粪和化肥不同比例的配施均能促进大豆的生长及营养吸收。以T1处理的促进效果最为显著。T1(80%化肥+25%蚯蚓粪)与CK0(未施肥)相比,植株株高、植株节数、单株籽粒质量、单株籽粒数、百粒质量和单株荚数均显著增加,与CK1(100%施用化肥)相比,植株株高、植株节数、单株籽粒质量、单株籽粒数和单株荚数分别增加5.84%,3.23%,17.10%,13.48%,20.04%。T1和T4处理产量在0.01和0.05水平均显著高于CK0(未施肥)处理,与CK1(100%化肥)相比,产量分别增加9.89%,22.67%。T1和T4处理与CK0(未施肥)相比,蛋白质含量分别增加2.59,3.31百分点,蛋脂肪总量分别增加1.55,1.99百分点;与CK1(100%施用化肥)相比,蛋白质含量分别增加2.34,3.06百分点,蛋脂总量分别增加1.38,1.82百分点。T4(化肥20%+100%蚯蚓粪)土壤容重为0.90 g/cm³,是试验处理的最低值。T1和T4的土壤容重分别较CK1(100%化肥)提高3.88%,12.62%。综上所述,T1(80%化肥+25%蚯蚓粪)和T4(化肥20%+100%蚯蚓粪)配施方案均能综合提升效果最为显著,综合考虑蚯蚓粪成本等因素,建议在大豆生产中选择蚯蚓粪和化肥配施比例为180 kg/hm²化肥(二铵和尿素为3∶1)+5 625 kg/hm²蚯蚓粪。

关键词: 大豆, 蚯蚓粪, 化肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the partial substitution of earthworm manure for reduced fertilizer application in soybean cultivation,and to investigate the effects of different combinations of earthworm manure and fertilizer on soybean yield and quality,the suitable combination ratio of earthworm manure and fertilizer for soybean cultivation was selected through statistical analysis of soybean agronomic traits,yield traits,quality traits,and soil indicators.The results showed that compared with no fertilizer application,single application of earthworm manure,single application of chemical fertilizer,and different ratios of earthworm manure and chemical fertilizer can all promote the growth and nutrient absorption of soybeans.The promotional effect of T1 treatment was most significant.Compared with CK0(unfertilized),T1(80% fertilizer+25% earthworm manure)showed a significant increase in plant height,number of plant nodes,grain weight per plant,grain number per plant,hundred grains weight per plant,and pod number per plant.However,compared with CK1(100% fertilizer application),T1(80% fertilizer+25% earthworm manure)showed increases of 5.84%,3.23%,17.10%,13.48%,and 20.04% in plant height,number of plant nodes,grain weight per plant,ear number per plant,and pod number per plant,respectively.The yield of T1 and T4 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK0(unfertilized)treatment at the 0.01 and 0.05 levels.Compared with CK1(100% fertilizer),the yield increased by 9.89% and 22.67%,respectively.Compared with CK0(without fertilization),T1 and T4 treatments increased protein content by 2.59 and 3.31 percentage point,and total egg fat increased by 1.55 and 1.99 percentage point,respectively.Compared with CK1(100% fertilizer application),the protein content increased by 2.34,3.06 percentage point,and the total egg fat increased by 1.38,1.82 percentage point,respectively.The soil bulk density of T4(20% fertilizer+100% earthworm manure)was 0.90 g/cm³,which was the lowest value of the experimental treatment.The soil bulk density of T1 and T4 increased by 3.88% and 12.62% respectively compared to CK1(100% fertilizer).In summary,the combination of T1(80% fertilizer+25% earthworm manure)and T4(20% fertilizer+100% earthworm manure)has the most significant comprehensive improvement effect.Taking into account factors such as the cost of earthworm manure,it is recommended to choose a ratio of 180 kg/ha fertilizer(3∶1 for diammonium and urea)+5 625 kg/ha earthworm manure in soybean production.

Key words: Soybean, Vermicompost, Chemical fertilizer, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

刘丽, 张微, 徐洪岩, 张明爽, 王若丁, 钱春荣. 蚯蚓粪和化肥不同比例配施对大豆产量和品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 190-196. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195484.

LIU Li, ZHANG Wei, XU Hongyan, ZHANG Mingshuang, WANG Ruoding, QIAN Chunrong. Effect of Different Proportions Combined Application of Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizer on Soybean Yield and Quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 190-196. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195484.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/190

图/表 9

参考文献 30

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	处理 Treatment	蚯蚓粪/ (kg/hm²) Vermicompost	化肥/ (kg/hm²) Chemical fertilizer
CK0	不施肥	0	0
CK1	常规化肥100%	0	225
CK2	蚯蚓粪100%	22 500	0
T1	化肥80%+25%蚯蚓粪	5 625	180
T2	化肥60%+50%蚯蚓粪	11 250	135
T3	化肥40%+75%蚯蚓粪	16 875	90
T4	化肥20%+100%蚯蚓粪	22 500	45

	处理 Treatment	蚯蚓粪/ (kg/hm²) Vermicompost	化肥/ (kg/hm²) Chemical fertilizer
CK0	不施肥	0	0
CK1	常规化肥100%	0	225
CK2	蚯蚓粪100%	22 500	0
T1	化肥80%+25%蚯蚓粪	5 625	180
T2	化肥60%+50%蚯蚓粪	11 250	135
T3	化肥40%+75%蚯蚓粪	16 875	90
T4	化肥20%+100%蚯蚓粪	22 500	45

处理 Treatment	容重/(g/cm³) Unit density	孔隙度/% Porosity
CK0	0.97±0.01ab	63.27±3.01bc
CK1	1.03±0.09ab	61.10±3.41bc
CK2	0.90±0.07bc	66.03±2.88ab
T1	0.99±0.08ab	62.45±3.04bc
T2	0.93±0.08bc	64.69±3.05ab
T3	0.94±0.01bc	64.40±4.36ab
T4	0.90±0.03bc	66.02±1.15ab

处理 Treatment	容重/(g/cm³) Unit density	孔隙度/% Porosity
CK0	0.97±0.01ab	63.27±3.01bc
CK1	1.03±0.09ab	61.10±3.41bc
CK2	0.90±0.07bc	66.03±2.88ab
T1	0.99±0.08ab	62.45±3.04bc
T2	0.93±0.08bc	64.69±3.05ab
T3	0.94±0.01bc	64.40±4.36ab
T4	0.90±0.03bc	66.02±1.15ab

处理 Treatment	株高/cm Height	植株节数 Pitch number	单株籽粒质量/g Grains weight per plant	百粒质量/g Hundred grains weight	单株荚数 Pods per plant	单株籽粒数 Number of grains per plant
CK0	71.39±4.36c	13.40±2.32c	6.830±3.39c	18.32±0.97b	20.21±7.95c	41.22±8.20b
CK1	72.74±5.00bc	15.16±2.31ab	9.116±3.21ab	20.08±0.85a	23.81±8.29abc	48.62±3.32ab
CK2	71.93±2.03bc	14.72±2.96b	7.834±3.25bc	18.60±0.88b	22.56±6.77bc	45.21±8.01ab
T1	76.99±3.57a	15.65±2.55ab	10.675±3.74a	19.65±0.37ab	27.02±8.95ab	58.36±5.68a
T2	75.79±2.08ab	15.48±2.74a	9.801±3.47a	18.98±0.78ab	23.67±9.76abc	49.58±4.32ab
T3	72.03±3.51bc	15.02±2.69ab	8.758±3.53b	18.77±1.12ab	27.30±8.75a	49.15±2.79ab
T4	75.09±3.49abc	15.24±2.01ab	10.465±3.46a	20.10±1.04a	26.05±8.44ab	55.95±9.05a

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