植物生长调节剂对谷子生长发育的调控效应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194050

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选可有效降低谷子株高、提高其抗倒伏能力的化控剂及其最佳喷施期,探讨不同化控剂对谷子生长发育和产量的影响,苗期和拔节期分别对嫩选17喷施4种化控剂(多效唑、缩节胺、矮壮素、烯效唑),于灌浆期和成熟期测定各处理植株干物质积累量、SPAD、净光合速率、茎秆特性以及产量构成等指标。结果表明:谷子苗期和拔节期喷施烯效唑、矮壮素、缩节胺、多效唑都能不同程度矮化植株,增加茎粗,提高抗倒伏能力,达到增产效果。其中,在苗期施用多效唑株高和节间长分别相比于CK降低6.76%,25.43%,苗期喷施矮壮素增加茎粗效果最显著,比CK增加22.89%,多效唑喷施处理下的谷子抗倒伏性最好,苗期喷施多效唑增产效果最显著,比CK增产17.51%;4种调节剂均能显著提高谷子叶片SPAD值及净光合速率,苗期喷施多效唑处理对SPAD值和净光合速率的提升效果最好,分别比CK提高了35.29%,30.37%;与CK相比,苗期喷施植物生长调节剂对谷子植株地上部干物质积累影响显著。喷施化控剂对谷子植株地上部干物质积累与CK相比影响不显著。总体来看,苗期喷施多效唑效果最好,可作为谷子高产栽培适宜的化控抗倒伏措施应用。

关键词: 谷子, 植物生长调节剂, 生长发育, 调控效应

Abstract:

In order to screen chemical control agents that can effectively reduce millet plant height and improve its lodging resistance,as well as the optimal spraying period,and explore the effects of different chemical control agents on millet growth,development,and yield,four chemical control agents (paclobutrazol,Menthylamine,cynanchon,and uniconazole)were sprayed on Nenxuan 17 during the seedling and jointing stages.The dry matter accumulation, SPAD, net photosynthetic rate, stem characteristics and yield components of each treatment plant were measured during the filling and mature stages.The results showed that spraying uniconazole,chlorpyrifos,chlorpyrifos,and paclobutrazol during the seedling and jointing stages of foxtail millet could dwarf plants to varying degrees,increase stem diameter,improve lodging resistance,and achieve yield increase.Among them,the plant height and internode length of foxtail millet decreased by 6.76% and 25.43% respectively compared to CK during the seedling stage.Spraying chloramphenicol had the most significant effect on increasing stem diameter during the seedling stage,which was 22.89% higher than CK.The foxtail millet had the best lodging resistance under the spraying of foxtail millet,and the spraying of foxtail millet had the most significant effect on increasing yield during the seedling stage,which was 17.51% higher than CK;all four regulators could significantly increase the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of millet leaves.Spraying paclobutrazol at the seedling stage had the best effect on improving the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate,with an increase of 35.29% and 30.37% respectively compared to CK;spraying chemical control agents had no significant effect on the accumulation of aboveground dry matter in millet plants compared to CK.Overall,spraying paclobutrazol during the seedling stage had the best effect and could be applied as a suitable chemical control and lodging resistance measure for high-yield cultivation of millet.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Plant growth regulator, Growth and development, Regulatory effect

闫锋, 董扬, 赵富阳, 侯晓敏, 李清泉, 王立达, 胡继芳, 范国权, 刘凯. 植物生长调节剂对谷子生长发育的调控效应[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 112-118. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194050.

YAN Feng, DONG Yang, ZHAO Fuyang, HOU Xiaomin, LI Qingquan, WANG Lida, HU Jifang, FAN Guoquan, LIU Kai. Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Development of Foxtail Millet[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 112-118. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194050.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/112

图/表 7

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处理 Treatment	药剂 Plant growth regulator	施药浓度/(mg/L) Concentration	生产商 Manufacturer
A	缩节胺	400	安阳中棉小康生物科技有限公司
B	多效唑	200	江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司
C	烯效唑	200	四川润尔科技有限公司
D	矮壮素	600	安阳全丰生物科技有限公司
CK	清水对照

处理 Treatment	药剂 Plant growth regulator	施药浓度/(mg/L) Concentration	生产商 Manufacturer
A	缩节胺	400	安阳中棉小康生物科技有限公司
B	多效唑	200	江苏剑牌农化股份有限公司
C	烯效唑	200	四川润尔科技有限公司
D	矮壮素	600	安阳全丰生物科技有限公司
CK	清水对照

处理 Treatment	株高Plant height		茎粗Stem diameter		节间长Internode length
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
A	134.28±1.10bc	137.40±2.19b	0.70±0.03c	0.67±0.02c	5.36±0.14c	5.73±0.13b
B	130.69±1.74d	133.93±1.51c	0.80±0.03ab	0.78±0.03a	4.75±0.07d	4.94±0.11c
C	136.44±1.72b	138.42±1.20ab	0.75±0.02b	0.72±0.02b	5.78±0.10b	5.96±0.08b
D	132.31±1.68c	134.83±1.61c	0.83±0.03a	0.80±0.01a	4.93±0.09d	5.20±0.11c
CK	140.16±2.01a	140.34±1.66a	0.64±0.01d	0.65±0.01c	6.37±0.11a	6.43±0.09a

处理 Treatment	株高Plant height		茎粗Stem diameter		节间长Internode length
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
A	134.28±1.10bc	137.40±2.19b	0.70±0.03c	0.67±0.02c	5.36±0.14c	5.73±0.13b
B	130.69±1.74d	133.93±1.51c	0.80±0.03ab	0.78±0.03a	4.75±0.07d	4.94±0.11c
C	136.44±1.72b	138.42±1.20ab	0.75±0.02b	0.72±0.02b	5.78±0.10b	5.96±0.08b
D	132.31±1.68c	134.83±1.61c	0.83±0.03a	0.80±0.01a	4.93±0.09d	5.20±0.11c
CK	140.16±2.01a	140.34±1.66a	0.64±0.01d	0.65±0.01c	6.37±0.11a	6.43±0.09a

处理 Treatment	重心高度/cm Height of center of gravity		茎秆弯折力/N Bending force		茎秆抗倒伏指数/(N/cm) Lodging resistant index
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	苗期 Seedling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
A	83.75±1.25b	84.03±1.18b	147.58±2.74b	140.45±2.36b	1.76±0.05c	1.67±0.04b
B	80.23±1.06c	82.86±0.99c	158.47±2.93a	152.63±2.62a	1.98±0.07a	1.84±0.05a
C	85.30±1.48b	85.54±1.42ab	142.46±2.28c	137.54±1.74bc	1.68±0.06c	1.61±0.04b
D	82.66±1.10c	83.58±1.28c	155.52±2.91a	150.52±2.04a	1.88±0.08b	1.80±0.07a
CK	88.32±1.26a	88.32±0.85a	132.54±1.48d	132.54±1.89c	1.50±0.03d	1.50±0.06c

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