不同生育期调亏滴灌对绿洲马铃薯产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751588

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨河西绿洲地区水分处理对膜下滴灌马铃薯生长动态、耗水特征、品质、产量和水分利用效率的影响，以青薯168为试验材料进行大田试验，分别在马铃薯不同生育期设置轻度和中度水分亏缺，测定马铃薯株高、叶面积、产量及薯块有机质含量等指标。结果表明：与充分灌溉CK比较，块茎形成期轻度（WD3）水分处理马铃薯未显著降低产量，而水分利用效率和商品薯率分别提高22.07%，10.09百分点，薯块干物质、蛋白质、淀粉及还原糖含量均未显著性降低，但串薯比例比CK增高达8.20百分点；块茎膨大期进行轻度（WD5）和中度（WD6）水分处理均造成马铃薯显著减产（P<0.05），分别降低15.77%，18.93%，同时不利于薯块内有机物的积累，使薯块干物质、蛋白质和还原糖含量分别降低1.62百分点，28.50%，34.38%和3.38百分点，24.35%，46.88%；淀粉积累期轻度（WD7）和中度（WD8）水分处理对产量影响较小，但WD7处理使马铃薯商品薯率增高8.61百分点，薯块蛋白质和还原糖含量分别比CK增高3.11%和15.63%，但未使水分利用效率显著提高。因此，追求马铃薯较高的产量和水分利用效率，在块茎形成期轻度水分处理为最佳的灌水策略，而获得马铃薯较高品质，淀粉积累期轻度水分处理最佳。

关键词: 马铃薯, 水分处理, 膜下滴灌, 产量, 品质

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of irrigation treatments at different growth stages on the growth dynamics, water consumption characteristics, quality, yield and water use efficiency of potato in Hexi Oasis, a field experiment was carried out, taking Qingshu 168 as the material and setting up two irrigation treatments:mild and moderate water deficits. The plant height, leaf area, yield and tuber organic matter content of potato were determined. The results showed that the yield of potato treated with mild water deficit in tuber forming period did not decrease significantly compared with CK, while the water use efficiency, commercial potato rate and bunched potato proportion increased by 22.07%, 10.09 percentage point and 8.20 percentage point respectively, and the dry matter, starch, protein and reducing sugar of potato tubers did not significantly reduced.The mild (WD5) and moderate (WD6) water deficits at tuber bulking stage reduced the potato yield by 15.77% and 18.93% respectively, reaching to a 0.05 significant level, and they were not beneficial to organic matter accumulation of potato tubers and decreased the contents of dry matter, protein and reducing sugar in potato tubers by 1.62 percentage point and 3.38 percentage point, 28.50% and 24.35%, and 34.38% and 46.88%, respectively. The mild (WD7) and moderate (WD8) water deficits at starch accumulation stage had less effect on yield, however, WD7 treatment increased the commercial tuber rate, protein content and reducing sugar content by 8.61 percentage point, 3.11% and 15.63% respectively, while the water use efficiency was not improved significantly. Therefore, in pursuit of higher yield and water use efficiency of potato, mild water deficit treatment at tuber formation stage is the best irrigation strategy in this experiment, but for seeking higher quality of potato, mild water treatment in starch accumulation period is the best.

Key words: Potato, Moisture treatments, Mulched drip irrigation, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S274.1

张万恒, 张恒嘉, 李福强, 王泽义, 高佳, 巴玉春. 不同生育期调亏滴灌对绿洲马铃薯产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(5): 145-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751588.

ZHANG Wanheng, ZHANG Hengjia, LI Fuqiang, WANG Zeyi, GAO Jia, BA Yuchun. Effects of Regulated Drip Irrigation at Different Growth Stages on Yield, Quality and Water Use Efficiency of Potato in Oasis Region[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(5): 145-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751588.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I5/145

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