瘤胃原虫对细菌活性及代谢的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.S1.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 瘤胃是反刍动物进行饲料消化的发酵罐，瘤胃中寄存的复杂微生物主要包括瘤胃细菌、原虫和真菌，其相互作用为饲料的消化吸收提供了可靠的保障。研究原虫对细菌活性的影响，以探讨原虫是否有助于促进或保持瘤胃细菌的活性。以2头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛作为瘤胃液供体动物，同时以羊草为发酵底物，设置3个处理，分别包括细菌组、原虫组及原虫+细菌组。各处理羊草的发酵规律采用体外培养法连续测定24 h。发酵结束后测定瘤胃液的pH值，各处理组羊草的总产气量和各气体成分（包括CH₄、CO₂和H₂）含量以及各挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）的产量用气相色谱仪测定。结果表明，细菌+原虫组的总产气量显著高于细菌组（P<0.05），原虫组总产气量为零；细菌+原虫组的总挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的产量极显著高于细菌组、原虫组（P<0.01）。结果提示，细菌+原虫组的发酵效率均高于细菌或原虫单独培养发酵的效果，说明原虫在羊草细胞壁的降解发酵过程中，提高了瘤胃细菌的活性。进一步揭示了植物细胞壁在瘤胃内的降解是在细菌和原虫的共同作用下完成的，瘤胃细菌和原虫在降解植物细胞壁的过程中存在协同效应。

关键词: 瘤胃细菌, 原虫, 体外培养技术, 挥发性脂肪酸

Abstract: Rumen is like a fermentation tank where ruminant animals digest feeds. The complex microbes hosted in rumen mainly comprise bacteria,protozoa,and fungi. Interaction of rumen microbes provided a reliable guarantee for feed digestion and absorption. The objective of this trial was to study the effect of rumen protozoa on bacteria activity and further explore whether rumen protozoa stimulate or maintain the activity of rumen bacteria.Two castrated Simmental bulls fitted with permanent rumen fistulas were used as the donors of rumen fluid and Chinese wildrye were used as fermented inocula. The trial was grouped into three treatments containing bacteria group,protozoa group,and bacteria+protozoa group,respectively. The fermentation pattern of feeds was determined using in vitro incubation technique for 24 h. The pH value was measured immediately after incubation. Gas component productions such as methane,carbon dioxide and hydrogen,and individual volatile fatty acid production was determined by gas chromatograph. Results indicated that the total gas production of bacteria+protozoa group was significantly greater than bacterial group (P<0.05), whereas the gas production of protozoan group was zero. The total VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate production of bacteria+protozoa group were extremely significantly greater than those in the bacterial group or protozoan group (P<0.01), which indicated that the fermentation efficiency of bacteria+protozoa group was greater than monoculture of protozoa or bacteria,thus demonstrated that protozoa promoted rumen bacteria activity during the degradation and fermentation of plant cell wall. It also revealed that degradation of plant cell wall in the rumen was conducted under the combined function of bacteria and protozoa,which showed that there was a synergistic effect between rumen bacteria and protozoa.

Key words: Rumen bacteria, Protozoa, in vitro incubation technique, Volatile fatty acid

中图分类号:

S432.4

董瑞兰, 于光辉. 瘤胃原虫对细菌活性及代谢的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(S1): 278-284. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.S1.044.

DONG Ruilan, YU Guanghui. The Effect of Adding Protozoa on Metabolism and Activity of Rumen Bacteria[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2018, 33(S1): 278-284. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.S1.044.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/IS1/278

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