摘要： 为了明确限水灌溉条件下冬小麦微灌集成模式节水高产的产量形成特点，2015-2017年在河北藁城采用灌溉方式×播期两因子裂区试验，研究了适期播种和晚播条件下微灌和畦灌2种集成节水模式对冬小麦生长发育指标、产量性状及耗水特性的影响。结果表明，底墒充足的平水年（2015-2016年）与底墒不足的干旱年（2016-2017年）微灌小麦产量形成特点不同。底墒充足的平水年份，适播期下（10月10日）微灌模式生长指标和产量性状与畦灌模式相当或稍低于畦灌，而推迟播期时（10月15日）微灌模式优势更为明显。与畦灌相比，播期推迟时微灌水肥一体多次灌溉使小麦生长更快，LAI、后期叶片SPAD值以及籽粒灌浆速率明显较高，因此，千粒质量增加5.2%~8.8%，产量增加3.4%~3.5%。微灌对土壤水利用量更高，耗水量较畦灌低3.8%~4.5%、WUE较畦灌高7.3%~8.5%，并且微灌晚播耗水量稍低于适播期小麦，而产量和WUE明显高于适播期小麦。而底墒不足+降水少的干旱年份，微灌总灌水量较低，水肥一体多次灌溉的优势难发挥，无论适播期还是晚播，微灌LAI、后期旗叶SPAD值、灌浆中后期籽粒灌浆速率均低于畦灌，造成产量降低6.6%~13.0%。因此，在底墒充足的平水年份，提倡小麦采用微灌+晚播技术，在节约57.7 mm灌溉用水的同时可实现产量和WUE协同提高，实现增产4.1%，WUE提高16.7%，灌溉方式和推迟播期对产量贡献相当。

关键词: 冬小麦, 微喷灌, 畦灌, 播期

Abstract: The purposes of this study were to confirm yield formation characteristics of the integrated mode of micro-irrigation under limited water condition. A field experiment was carried out with split plot design (main plot of irrigation mode and subplot of sowing date) in Gaocheng of Hebei Province from 2015 to 2017 year to research the effects of two types of integrated irrigation modes on the growth,yield formation and water consumption characteristics of winter wheat under two sowing date conditions. The two irrigation methods were micro sprinkler irrigation(Micro-irrigation) and border irrigation,with two sowing date of Oct.10 and Oct.15. The results showed that wheat yield formation characteristics of micro-irrigation were difference in two conditions,one was normal precipitation of adequate soil water storage before sowing (2015-2016),and the other was dry precipitation of insufficient soil water storage before sowing (2016-2017). The year of adequate soil water storage before sowing and normal precipitation,growth index and yield traits of micro-irrigation mode were similar or slightly below than the border irrigation under suitable sowing date (Oct. 10),while it had more obvious advantage for micro-irrigation mode under delayed sowing (Oct. 15). Compared with border irrigation,when sowing date was postponed wheat grow faster,and LAI,leaf SPAD value of later stage and grain filling rate were significantly higher for micro-irrigation mode,so its grain weight was increased by 5.2%-8.8%,and grain yield was increased by 3.4%-3.5%. Compared with border irrigation,soil water consumption was higher,total water consumption was decreased significantly by 3.8%-4.5%,and WUE was increased significantly by 7.3%-8.5% for micro-irrigation. The water consumption of late sowing wheat was lower than that of suitable sowing wheat,decreased by 3.8%-4.5%,but the yield and WUE were obviously higher than that of suitable sowing wheat. The year of insufficient soil storage before sowing and dry precipitation,the total irrigation amount was low for micro-irrigation,so its advantages of water and fertilizer integration could not be played,so for micro-irrigation,its LAI,leaf SPAD value and grain filling rate in the late growth stage was lower than that of border irrigation under two sowing date condition,and finally resulting in lower yield,and grain yield was decreased by 6.6%-13.0%. So the year of adequate soil water storage before sowing and normal precipitation year,the wheat was recommended micro-irrigation under late sowing condition. When this technical measure was adopted,irrigation amount of 57.7 mm was saved,and grain yield and WUE were increased by 4.1% and 16.7% respectively,and the contribution to yield was similar for two technical of irrigation methods and postponed sowing date.

Key words: Winter wheat, Micro irrigation, Border irrigation, Sowing date

中图分类号: 

• S152.7

• S512.01