摘要： 为了探究不同水肥耦合对夏玉米根系形态及产量的影响，采用“3414”最优回归设计试验方案，分析了各处理的根系形态以及产量构成因素的变化，并对产量进行相关分析及模型建立预测。结果表明，W₃N₂C₂处理的总根长、总根表面积、总根体积都是最大，分别是W₀N₀C₀的2.89，2.41，2.68倍，且都呈显著性差异。W₃N₂C₂处理的穗行数、行粒数、穗长、百粒质量等指标分别是W₀N₀C₀的1.31，1.19，1.22，1.62倍，各产量因素与产量的相关性都达到了显著水平。对玉米产量影响最大的是灌溉量，其次是施碳量，施氮量最小。W₃N₂C₂相比W₀N₀C₀产量提高了72.39%，当氮、有机肥分别处于N₂、C₂水平时，灌水能使玉米产量提高19.78%～48.46%，在灌水量、有机肥处于W₂、C₂水平时，施氮能使玉米产量提高6.59%~15.68%，在灌溉量、氮肥分别处于W₂、N₂水平时，施有机肥能使产量提高4.99%~9.67%。有机肥能够促进土壤团粒结构的形成，增强土壤的保肥保水能力，改良土壤条件，在低水条件下，增施有机肥及氮肥可以增强土壤的保水能力，提高水分和养分的利用率，以达到减少水肥浪费、提高玉米产量的目的。研究表明，在缺水条件下合适的水肥配比利于作物生长，对提高产量具有重要作用，在本试验的设计范围内，产量的三元二次回归方程为Y=6 723.94+1 589.98X₁+470.79X₂+182.50X₃-194.23X₁²-74.70X₂²-78.66X₃²+42.12X₁X₂+98.28X₁X₃+89.39X₂X₃，在相对含水量70%，施氮量225 kg/hm²、施碳量2 700 kg/hm²时，得到最大产量，为12 393.69 kg/hm²。

关键词: 水肥耦合, 玉米, 根系形态, 产量

Abstract: In order to study the effect of coupling water and fertilizer on the root morphology and yield of summer maize, using the "3414" optimal regression design scheme, the changes of root morphology and yield components of each treatment were analyzed, and the correlation analysis of yield and the prediction of model construction. The results showed that the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of W₃N₂C₂ were the largest, which were 2.89, 2.41 and 2.68 times than that of W₀N₀C₀.The number of ear rows, row grains, ear length, 100-seed weight of W₃N₂C₂ were 1.31, 1.19, 1.22, 1.62 times of W₀N₀C₀.The correlation between yield factors and yield was significant. The biggest influence on maize yield was the amount of irrigation, the next was the amount of carbon and the minimum was amount of nitrogen.W₃N₂C₂ increased the output of W₀N₀C₀ by 72.39%.When nitrogen and organic fertilizer were at N₂ and C₂ level, irrigation could increase maize yield by 19.78%-48.46%. When irrigation amount and organic manure were at W₂ and C₂ level, nitrogen application could increase maize yield by 6.59%-15.68%. When irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer were at W₂ and N₂ level, applying organic fertilizer could increase yield of maize by 4.99%-9.67%. Under low water conditions, increasing organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer could enhance soil water holding capacity and water and nutrient utilization rate, so as to reduce water and fertilizer waste and improve maize yield. The research showed that the proper proportion of water and fertilizer under the condition of water shortage played an important role in improving crop yield. In the design range of the experiment, the yield equation was Y=6 723.94+1 589.98X₁+470.79X₂+182.50X₃-194.23X₁²-74.70X₂²-78.66X₃²+42.12X₁X₂+98.28X₁X₃+89.39X₂X₃, the relative water content was 70%, the amount of nitrogen applied was 225 kg/ha, the amount of carbon was 2 700 kg/ha, the maximum yield was 12 393.69 kg/ha.

Key words: Coupling of water and fertilizer, Maize, Root morphology, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S141