不同耕作方式下黑土物理性状及其对玉米苗期生长的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决东北黑土耕作深度不够，造成耕层土壤物理性状破坏的问题，以深翻（DN）为对照，研究免耕（NN）、旋耕（RN）、深松（SN）处理下土壤水分、温度、紧实度变化及其对玉米苗期生长的影响。结果表明，0～22.5 cm土壤紧实度急剧增加，2016年NN土壤紧实度最大增幅为314.6 kPa，SN最大降幅为220.8 kPa；2017年NN最大增幅为489.3 kPa，SN最大降幅为197.3 kPa。在2016年，耕层（0～20 cm）储水量为DN > RN > NN > SN，SN比DN降低0.085个百分点；在2017年，NN处理耕层（0～20 cm）储水量比DN增加0.036个百分点，SN与DN相比降低0.066个百分点。与DN相比，NN降低表层土温，2016年降幅为0.7℃，2017年降幅为1.5℃。SN促进玉米根系生长发育，2016年SN处理根长度、根体积、根表面积、根干质量均呈现增加趋势，与DN相比分别增加4.54%，19.21%，18.57%，14.12%，2017年SN与DN相比根长和根干质量增加量为0.58 cm和0.40 g。2016年数据线性分析表明，玉米苗期根长与水分呈负线性关系，玉米苗期干物质重与紧实度呈负线性关系，与土温呈正线性关系，紧实度对玉米苗期干物质形成线性相关性强，且影响较大。综上所述，SN降低土壤紧实度，促进玉米苗期干物质积累，有利于保持产量；NN提高紧实度，降低温度，不利于玉米苗期干物质积累和产量形成。

关键词: 耕作方式, 物理性状, 玉米生长, 黑土

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low soil depth and it causes the damage to the physical properties of the plough layer in Northeast China. The effect of treatment including four tillage methods, Deep mold-board tillage (DN), No-tillage (NN), Rotary tillage (RN)and Subsoiling tillage (SN)on the soil moisture, soil temperature, soil compaction, and corn growth were studied to investigate the effect of soil physical properties on the root growth and thus the corn growth. Soil compaction increaseded sharply from soil (0-22.5 cm).In 2016, subsoiling reduced soil compaction treatment NN increased the soil compaction significantly with a maximum of 314.6 kPa respectively, SN soil compaction decreased the maximum value of 220.8 kPa. In 2017, NN increased, soil compaction maximum value was 489.3 kPa, SN decreased, soil compaction maximum value was 197.3 kPa.Compared with the treatment DN, in 2016, compared with DN, the water content of the plough layer (0-20 cm)was DN > RN > NN > SN, and the storage capacity of SN was 0.085 percentage points lower than DN. In 2017, NN increased the water storage of plough layer (0-20 cm)by 0.036 percentage points, SN was 0.066 percentage points lower than DN. Soil temperature of treatment NN dropped by 0.7℃ in 2016 and 1.5℃ in 2017. Compared with treatment DN, corn plant features of treatment SN, root length, root volume, root surface area and root dry weight showed an increasing trend by 4.54%, 19.21%, 18.57%, 14.12% respectively. Compared with DN, the root length and root dry weight of SN increased by 0.58 cm and 0.40 g in 2017.The 2016 data linear analysis showed that, maize seedling root length showed a negative linear relationship with the moisture, dry matter weight showed a negative linear relationship with the compactness, but showed the positive linear relationship with the soil temperature, the compactness had a strong linear correlation with dry matter formation in maize seedling stage. In summary, SN can reduce soil compaction, promote the growth of maize root, favorable yield formation, NN can improve the compaction and reduce the temperature, which is not conducive to the accumulation of dry matter and the formation of yield in the seedling stage of maize.

Key words: Tillage managements, Physical property, Maize growth, Mollisol

中图分类号:

S152
S184

谷思玉, 朱玉伟, 郭兴军, 蔡越桐, 吴帅, 张泽慧, 张会慧. 不同耕作方式下黑土物理性状及其对玉米苗期生长的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(4): 226-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.032.

GU Siyu, ZHU Yuwei, GUO Xingjun, CAI Yuetong, WU Shuai, ZHANG Zehui, ZHANG Huihui. Effects of Different Tillage Ways on Seedling Growth of Maize and Soil Physical Properties in Mollisol Region[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(4): 226-231. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.04.032.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I4/226

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