用分子生物学方法提高猪对磷的利用率

doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.z1.041

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于猪的粪便中含磷量很高，被用作肥料所带来的磷污染问题日趋严重，引起了人们的广泛关注。为了降低猪粪中磷所带来的污染，众多研究人员都试图通过分子生物学方法减少猪粪便中磷的排出量来解决这个问题，通过大量的试验研究，提出了许多新方法。本文从分子生物学方法的3个方面论述提高磷的利用率，即通过添加经分子生物学改造植酸酶来提高饲料磷的消化率；通过遗传方法改进大豆、玉米磷的水平来减少猪粪磷的含量；以及通过基因编码植酸酶来提高动物的代谢潜能(转植酸酶基因猪)。

关键词: 分子生物学, 猪, 磷, 利用率

Abstract: Because of swine manure is high in phosphorus, phosphorus pollution caused by using manure as fertilizer to land is a serious and growing problem, which has drawn people's attention. In order to lower the pollution of swine manure phosphorus, many animal nutritionists tried to reduce fecal phosphorus excretion by using molecular biology methods and have put forward many new ways by doing large quantity experiments. This lecture will narrate the strategy of improving the availability of phosphorus mainly from molecular biology following three aspects including improving the digestibility of phosphorus by the addition of rebuild phytase by molecular biology methods, reducing phosphorus in pig manure by genetically enhancing corn and soybean meal and expressing genes coding for phytase that enhance metabolism potential of food animals transgenic pigs.

Key words: Molecular biology, Pig, Phosphorus, Availability

中图分类号:

S828

张永刚, 李铁军, 范明哲, 印遇龙, 黄瑞林. 用分子生物学方法提高猪对磷的利用率[J]. 华北农学报, 2006, 21(S1): 172-176. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.z1.041.

ZHANG Yong-gang, LI Tie-jun, FAN Ming-zhe, YIN Yu-long, HUANG Rui-lin. Enhance the Phosphorus Availability of Pigs by Molecular Biology Methods[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2006, 21(S1): 172-176. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.z1.041.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2006/V21/IS1/172

参考文献

[1] Tilman D. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental changes[J]. Science, 2001, 292: 281-284.
[2] Jongbloed A W, Lenis N P. Environmental concerns of animal manure[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1998, 76: 2641-2648.
[3] Hudson J J, Taylor W D, Schindle D W. Phosphorus concentrations in lakes[J]. Nature, 2000, 406: 54-56.
[4] Correll D L. Phosphorus: a rate limiting nutrient in surface water[J]. Poultry Science, 1999, 78: 674-682.
[5] Mallin M A. Impacts of industrial animal production on river and esturies[J]. American scientist, Jan-Feb, 2000, 26-37.
[6] Naqvi S W. Increased marine production of N2O due to intensifying anoxia on the Indian continental shelf[J]. Nature, 2000, 408: 346-349.
[7] Pouslen H. Phosphorus utilization and excretion in pig production[J]. Journal of Environment Qualification, 2000, 29: 24-27.
[8] Forsberg C W, Phillips J P, Golovan S P, et al. The enviropig physiology, performance, and contribution to nutrient management advances in a regulated environment: The leading edge of change in the pork industry[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 81 (E. Suppl. 2): E68-E77.
[9] Lei X G, Stahl C H. Biotechnological development of effective phytases for mineral nutrition and environmental protection[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2001, 57: 474-481.
[10] 吴静, 闫艳春. 植酸酶基因工程的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2004, 31 (1): 12-15.
[11] Piddington C S, Houston C S, Paloheimo M, et al. The cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding phytase (phy) and pH 2. 5-optimum acid phosphatase (aph) from Aspergillus niger var. awamori[J]. Gene, 1993, 133 (1): 55-62.
[12] 姚斌, 张春义, 王建华, 等. 高效表达具有生物学活性的植酸酶的毕赤酵母[J]. 中国科学C辑, 1998, 28 (3): 237-243.
[13] Miksch G, Kleist S, Friehs K, et al. Overexpression of the phytase from Escherichia coli and its extracellular production in bioreactors[J]. Appli Microbiol and Biotechnol, 2002, 59 (6): 685-694.
[14] 张兴会. 植酸酶在猪的饲料中的应用效果[J]. 广东饲料, 2000, 9 (4): 30-31.
[15] Raboy V, Yound K A, Dorsch J A, et al. Genetics and breeding of seed phosphorus and phytic acid[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, 158: 489-497.
[16] Sand J S, Ragland D, Baxter C, et al. Phosphorus bioavailability, growth performance, and nutrient balance in pigs fed high available phosphorus corn and phytate[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2001, 79: 2134-2142.
[17] Nelson T S. The availability of phytate esters on α-amylase digestion of starch[J]. Journal of Food Science, 1968, 52: 719-721.
[18] 吴素平. 植酸酶在动物饲料磷营养中的作用[J]. 中国饲料, 1996, 10: 25-26.
[19] Wodzinski R J, Ullah A H J. Phytase[J]. Adv Appl Microbiol, 1996, 42: 263-302.
[20] 刘建树. 一种新型饲料添加剂-植酸酶[J]. 饲料博览, 1993, 38 (2): 38.
[21] Ketaren P P, Batterham E S, Dettmann E B, et al. Phosphorus studies in pigs. 3. Effect of phytase supplementation on the digestibility and availability of phosphorus in soybean meal for grower pigs[J]. British Journal of Nutrition, 1993, 70: 289-311.
[22] Murry A C, Lewis R D, Amos H E. The effect of microbial phytase in a pearl millet-soybean meal diet on apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients, serum mineral concentration, and bone mineral density of nursery pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1997, 75: 1284-1291.
[23] O'Quinn P R, Knabe D A, Gregg E J. Efficacy of Natuphos in sorghum-based diets of finishing swine[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1997, 75: 1299-1307.
[24] Ceylan N. High available phosphorus corn and phytase in layer diets[J]. Poultry Science, 2003, 82 (5): 789-795.
[25] Gary L, Crowell. Genetically enhance corn and soybean meal reduce phosphorus in pig manure[C]. The Farmer Pride, KPPA News, 2001: 12; 28.
[26] Spencer J D, Allee G L, Sauber T E. Phosphorus bioavailability and digestibility of normal and genetically modified low-phytate corn for pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 2000, 78: 675-681.
[27] Serguei P G, Roy G M, Ayodele A, et al. Pigs expressing salivary phytase produce low-phosphorus manure[J]. Nature, 2001, 19: 741-745.
[28] Serguei P G, Anthony M H, John P P, et al. Transgenic mice expressing bacterial phytase as a model for phosphorus pollution control[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2001, 19: 429-433.
[29] Ramachandra A, Madesh M, Balasubramanian K A. Apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium: Its relevance in normal and pathophysiological conditions[J]. Joural of Gastroenterology Hepatology, 2000, 15: 109-120.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容