摘要：

为了探究重要香菇种质资源及其杂交子代的遗传演化和分子差异,以8个香菇主栽品种、6个杂交新品种和2个野生菌株为材料,利用全基因组重测序技术,基于SNP数据进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析。结果表明,野生菌株Y5和Y6的SNP数量远高于主栽品种,分别为158 659,149 422个,处于独立的遗传距离聚类分支;而香菇主栽品种及其杂交子代SNP数量和亲缘关系比较接近,SNP数量为97 295~105 627,遗传距离为0.001 2~0.055 3,处于同一个聚类分支。主栽品种及其杂交子代分支可以分为6组近缘种,分别为早熟品种L18和868组,早熟白面品种RX11、QK212和0912组,中熟硬质品种808、LX1和168组,808、L18和868的杂交子代品种JX15和JX3组,JX15和JX3的杂交子代品种JXB5和JXB15组,0912和JXB5的杂交子代品种E14和E36组。群体结构和主成分分析显示香菇种质资源可分为4个亚群,第一类为RX11、QK212和0912及其杂交子代品种E14和E36;第二类为主栽品种LX1、168、808及其杂交子代JX15、JX3,遗传信息或遗传背景非常接近;第三类为L18、868及其经过多次遗传改良的优质杂交菌株JXB5和JXB15,处于栽培品种和野生菌株的过渡状态,并且偏向于栽培品种;第四类为野生菌株YX5和YX6,与栽培菌株区分较为明显。明确了香菇菌株之间的遗传差异,为后续杂交育种的亲本选择和杂交组合配对奠定了基础。

关键词: 香菇, 全基因组重测序, 遗传多样性, 群体结构, 单核苷酸多态性

Abstract:

To investigate the genetic evolution and molecular differences of Lentinula edodes germplasm resources and their hybrid progeny,it utilized whole-genome resequencing technology and analyzed genetic diversity and population structure based on single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)data.It involved eight main cultivated varieties,six hybrid new varieties,and two wild strains of L.edodes.The results revealed that the SNP numbers in the wild strains Y5 and Y6 were significantly higher than those in the cultivated varieties,with 158 659 and 149 422 SNPs,respectively,and they clustered in independent branches based on genetic distance.In contrast,the cultivated varieties and their hybrid progeny exhibited similar SNP numbers and genetic relationships,with SNP counts ranging from 97 295 to 105 627 and genetic distances ranging from 0.001 2 to 0.055 3,clustering within the same branch.The branches of the cultivated varieties and their hybrid progeny could be divided into six closely related groups.These included early-maturing varieties L18 and 868,early-maturing white-faced varieties RX11,QK212,and 0912,medium-maturing firm-textured varieties 808,LX1,and 168,hybrid progeny varieties JX15 and JX3 of 808,L18,and 868,hybrid progeny varieties JXB5 and JXB15 of JX15 and JX3,and hybrid progeny varieties E14 and E36 of 0912 and JXB5.Population structure and principal component analysis revealed that L.edodes germplasm resources could be divided into four subgroups.The first class included varieties RX11,QK212,and 0912,as well as their hybrid progeny E14 and E36.The second class consisted of main cultivated varieties LX1,168,and 808,along with their hybrid derivatives JX15 and JX3,which share extremely similar genetic information or background.The third class comprised L18 and 868,along with their multiple-generation,genetically improved,high-quality hybrid strains,JXB5 and JXB15,which exist in a transitional state between cultivated varieties and wild strains,with a propensity towards the cultivated varieties.The fourth class was represented by wild strains YX5 and YX6,which are distinctly different from the cultivated strains.This study clarified the genetic differences among L.edodes strains,laying the foundation for the selection of parents and the pairing of hybrid combinations in subsequent hybrid breeding.

Key words: Lentinula edodes, Whole genome resequencing, Genetic diversity, Population structure, Single-nucleotide polymorphism

中图分类号: 

• S567.3

• Q75分子遗传学