施氮对干旱条件下晚稻产量与生理的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191791

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究干旱条件下氮素运筹对双季超级稻晚稻的影响。选用超级杂交晚稻品种五丰优T025，于幼穗分化期正常和干旱条件下，进行氮素蘖肥（干旱前）与氮素穗肥（干旱后）重施处理，考查产量及有关生理生态指标，结果表明：干旱将导致水稻产量显著下降，幼穗分化期是晚稻水分亏缺敏感期；2种水分条件下，氮素蘖肥重施产量均显著高于穗肥重施处理，分蘖期是晚稻需氮关键期；干旱条件下氮素蘖肥重施处理的单株有效穗数和结实率高于穗肥重施处理，差异均达显著水平；干旱条件下相对于氮素蘖肥重施处理，氮素穗肥重施处理抽穗期和开花期的光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）等光合指标不同程度提高，但茎、叶部位氮素及干物质转运率低，滞留严重，转运至穗部的氮素相对较低，叶片渗透调节物质含量下降，丙二醛（MDA）含量生育后期提高，同时硝酸还原酶（NR）与谷丙转氨酶（GPT）等氮代谢酶活性在旱后短期内呈现增高趋势。因此，水稻上存在一定的“以氮调水”效应，适当提高氮素蘖肥可在一定程度上减轻晚稻穗分化期干旱胁迫造成的产量损失。

关键词: 水稻, 氮素运筹, 干旱, 产量, 生理

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of nitrogen management on double cropping super rice late rice under drought conditions.Wufengyou T025, a super hybrid late rice variety, was selected. Under the normal or drought conditions at the young panicle differentiation stage, the yield and related physiological and ecological indexes were investigated by applying more nitrogen tiller fertilizer (before drought) and nitrogen panicle fertilizer (after drought).The results showed that:Drought lead to a significant decrease in rice yield, and the young panicle differentiation stage was the sensitive stage of water deficit in late rice. Under the condition of normal water or drought conditions, the yield of higher tiller fertilizer application was significantly higher than that of higher panicle fertilizer application, and the tillering stage was the key period for nitrogen requirement of late rice. The effective panicles per plant and seed setting rate of higher tiller fertilizer application were significantly higher than those of higher panicle fertilizer application. Compared with the application of higher nitrogen tiller fertilizer, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and other photosynthetic indexes of higher panicle fertilizer application were increased in different degrees at heading and flowering stages, but the nitrogen and dry matter transport rate of stem and leaf to panicle was low. The retention was serious, and the nitrogen transported to the panicle was relatively low. The contents of osmotic adjustment substances and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves decreased in the late growth stage, and the activities of nitratase (NR) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) increased in the short term after drought for higher tiller fertilizer application.Therefore, there is a certain effect of "regulating water with nitrogen" in rice. Properly increasing the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer at tillering stage can reduce the yield loss of late rice caused by drought stress at young panicle differentiation stage.

Key words: Rice, Nitrogen application, Drought, Yield, Physiology

中图分类号:

黄慧娴, 沈天花, 钟蕾, 杜杰, 傅军如, 周大虎, 贺浩华, 陈小荣. 施氮对干旱条件下晚稻产量与生理的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(3): 150-158. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191791.

HUANG Huixian, SHEN Tianhua, ZHONG Lei, DU Jie, FU Junru, ZHOU Dahu, HE Haohua, CHEN Xiaorong. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Physiology of Late Rice under Drought Condition[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(3): 150-158. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191791.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I3/150

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