青贮玉米高产群体生理特性及其对密度的响应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190064

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨不同密度水平对青贮玉米高产群体生理特性及农艺性状的影响，以高产、广适青贮玉米杂交种大京九26为材料，设置5.25万，6.00万，6.75万，7.50万，8.25万，9.00万株/hm² 6个密度水平，研究其产量突破21 000 kg/hm²的高产群体生理特征、农艺性状对密度的响应。结果表明，青贮玉米生物产量随种植密度的增加而增加，突破21 000 kg/hm²处理为6.75万，7.50万株/hm²，分别为21 751.1，22 551.1 kg/hm²，5.25万株/hm²处理产量最低，7.50万株/hm²处理较5.25万株/hm²处理增幅为30.4%，达极显著水平。不同种植密度的群体叶面积系数吐丝期达最大值。其中6.75万，7.50万株/hm² 2个处理最高，分别达5.19，5.32，青贮收获期分别为3.68，3.85。光合势随种植密度的增加而增加，为正向效应，总光合势为326.51×10⁴~384.37×10⁴（m²·d）/hm²；玉米光合生产率随密度的增加而下降，平均光合生产率为6.50~7.64 g/（m²·d）；密度对农艺性状影响大小依次为单株鲜质量（17.6%） > 单株干质量（15.5%） > 穗位高（4.7%） > 持绿性（3.0%） > 植株含水量（2.1%） > 茎粗（1.9%） > 株高（1.8%）。青贮玉米生物产量突破21 000 kg/hm²的最佳种植密度为7.50万株/hm²。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 密度水平, 生物产量, 生理特性

Abstract: Dajingjiu 26, a high yield and widely adaptive silage maize hybrid, was used as material to study the effects of different densities on the physiological characteristics and agronomic characters of high-yield population of silage maize in the West Liao-river Plain of Inner Mongolia, and six density levels were designed, i.e. 52 500, 60 000, 67 500, 75 000, 82 500 and 90 000 plants/ha, and the response of physiological characteristics and agronomic characters of high-yield population exceeding yield of 21 000 kg/ha to density was studied. The results showed that the biological yield of silage maize increased with the increase of planting density. The treatment of exceeding yield of 21 000 kg/ha were 67 500 and 75 000 plants/ha, reaching 21 751.1 and 22 551.1 kg/ha respectively. The yield of 52 500 plants/ha treatment was lowest, and the yield of 75 000 plants/ha treatment was 30.4% higher than that of 52 500 plants/ha treatment, reaching an extremely significant level. The population leaf area index of different planting densities presented reached the maximum value at silking stage. The two treatments of 67 500 and 75 000 plants/ha were highest as 5.19 and 5.32 respectively, retaining 3.68 and 3.85 at silage harvest stage. The photosynthetic potential increased with the increase of planting density, which was a positive effect, and the total photosynthetic potential was 326.51×10⁴-384.37×10⁴ (m²·d)/ha. The photosynthetic productivity of maize decreased with the increase of planting density, and the average photosynthetic productivity ranged from 6.50 to 7.64 g/(m²·d); The influence of planting density on the agronomic trait were in turn as follows:the fresh weight of single plant (17.6%), dry weight of single plant (15.5%), ear height (4.7%), staying green (3.0%), plant moisture content (2.1%), stem diameter (1.9%) and plant height (1.8%). The best planting density of silage maize exceeding yield of 21 000 kg/ha was 75 000 plants/ha.

Key words: Silage maize, Density level, Biological yield, Physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

S513.01

苏天增, 侯乐新, 张玉强, 王方明, 彭雷. 青贮玉米高产群体生理特性及其对密度的响应[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(2): 132-137. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190064.

SU Tianzeng, HOU Lexin, ZHANG Yuqiang, WANG Fangming, PENG Lei. Physiological Characteristics of Population and Its Response to Density in High-yield Silage Maize[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(2): 132-137. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190064.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I2/132

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