摘要： 为了解马鹿种群遗传结构和分化水平，测定了马鹿5个亚种11个地理群共计146个体线粒体DNA控制区全序列。序列分析检测到167个变异位点，确定了54种单倍型；各个亚种呈现较高的单倍型多样性（h：0.600~0.959）及中等程度的核苷酸多样性（π：0.006 3~0.012 6）。中性检验仅发现甘肃马鹿显著性偏离中性突变，亚种间遗传分化指数F_ST>0.5、基因流N_m<0.5，表明马鹿亚种间发生了显著的遗传分化，只存在少量基因交流。基于最大简约法和贝叶斯法构建的单倍型系统进化树和单倍型中介网络图显示塔里木马鹿有别于其他马鹿，它们分别来源于共同祖先的2个不同进化枝，阿尔泰马鹿、甘肃马鹿、阿拉善马鹿、天山马鹿又可细分为3个进化枝系，但它们是相互交叉聚类的。为我国马鹿的遗传资源保护和利用提供依据。

关键词: 马鹿, 线粒体控制区, 单倍型, 遗传分化, 基因流

Abstract: In order to understand the genetic structure and differentiation level of wapiti in China,we obtained 146 complete sequences of the mitochondrial genome control regions from 11 geographic populations at 5 subspecies. 167 mutation loci and 54 kinds of haploid were detected. All subspecies had a high haplotype diversity(h:0.600-0.959) and moderate nucleotide diversity(π:0.006 3-0.012 6). The neutral test only observed significant deviation from neutral mutation in Gansu wapiti. The genetic differentiation coefficient(F_ST) between subspecies was greater than 0.5 and the gene flow(N_m) was less than 0.5,of which indicating that there was significant genetic differentiation between the subspecies and a small amount of hybridization between them. Phylogenetic tree constructed using MP and Bayesian methods and mediating network diagram supported Talimu wapiti and other wapiti were derived from two different evolutionary branches with common ancestor. Altai wapiti,Tianshan wapiti,Gansu wapiti and Alashan wapiti were subdivided into three evolutionary branches,but they were intersected and clustered. This study provides the basis for the protection and utilization of the genetic resources of red deer in China.

Key words: Wapiti, Mitochondrial control region, Haploid, Genetic differentiation, Gene flow

中图分类号: 

• S825