摘要： 为了解绿豆亲本性状的遗传特点并提高杂交后代的选择效率，选择某些性状代表产量性状，从而提高单株选择的有效性，为今后的育种工作提供理论依据，利用普通绿豆晋绿豆1号做母本和裂叶绿豆FLD08-4做父本构建F₂，对F₂农艺性状进行变异系数、广义遗传力、相关分析、偏相关和通径分析。结果表明：F₂中质量性状叶形为多基因控制，数量性状的变异非常丰富，具有广泛的分离和超亲现象，其中单株产量和单株荚数的变异系数达到50%以上，荚长的变异系数最低，并且各个性状的广义遗传力较高，其中单株荚数表现最高为99.51，百粒质量表现最低为62.61；相关性分析发现，单株产量与单株荚数和荚长呈极显著正相关关系，与株高和百粒质量无显著相关关系；进行偏相关分析得到单株产量与单株荚数、单荚粒数和百粒质量的正偏相关均为极显著，而这3个变量对于单株产量的直接作用中单株荚数 > 百粒质量 > 单荚粒数。因此，在高产育种过程中对F₂进行单株选择时首先关注单株荚数，在此基础上应选择百粒质量高、单荚粒数多的单株，可提高绿豆育种的选择效率，以期为高产优质绿豆新品种的选择提供指导。

关键词: 绿豆, 农艺性状, 遗传效应

Abstract: In order to understand the genetic characteristics with the parent traits of mung bean and improve the selection efficiency of hybrid progeny,some traits were selected to represent the yield traits,thus improving the effectiveness of individual plant selection,and providing a theoretical basis for future breeding work. The F₂ generation population was constructed using Jinlüdou 1 and FLD08-4,and coefficient of variation,broad heritability,correlation analysis,partial correlation,and path analysis of agronomic traits were performed. The results showed that the leaf shape of the F₂ generation population was controlled by multiple genes,the phenotypic variation of quantitative traits were abundant with extensive separation and super-parent phenomenon. The variation coefficient of the grain yield per plant and number of pods per plant reached more than 50% and the pod length was the lowest. The generalized heritability of each trait was high,the number of pods per plant was highest with 99.51,and the lowest was 100-seed weight with 62.61. The correlation analysis found that the yield per plant was extremely significant and positive correlated with the number of pods per plant,and pod length,and was no significant correlation with plant height and 100-seed weigh. The partial correlation analysis showed that the number of pods,seeds per pod and 100-seed weight were extremely significant,and the direct effect of these three variables on the yield per plant was the number of pods per plant > 100 seed-weight > number of seeds per pod. Therefore,in the selection of high yield breeding individual plants in the F₂ generation,the number of seeds for pod should be paid attention first. On this basis,the high 100 seed-weight and number of seeds per pod should be selected,which could improve the selection efficiency of mung bean breeding and provided guidance for the selection of new varieties with high yield and high quality of mung beans.

Key words: Mung bean, Agronomic traits, Genetic effects

中图分类号: 

• S522.03