摘要： 为促进红花品种改良及种质资源的高效利用，揭示红花优异资源的特征特性，为红花种质资源创新利用和品种改良提供理论依据。以筛选出的40份云南省地方红花种质资源为材料，采用SPSS 18.0软件对18个性状进行聚类分析和主成分分析，分析了红花数量性状对单株生产力的影响，同时对其品质性状进行了相关分析。40份资源材料通过聚类分析划分为5大类群，表明不同类群间各农艺性状及品质特征存在较明显的特异性，18个性状指标之间存在相对独立和密切相关性。其中，类群Ⅳ为矮秆、分枝多、单株有效果球多，千粒质量和单株生产力高；类群Ⅴ为分枝多，单株有效果球多，千粒质量和单株生产力高。主成分分析将12个数量性状指标转化为5个主成分，累计贡献率达86.7468%；其中，第一主成分反映植株高度，第二主成分反映产量构成因子，第三主成分反映果球大小，第四、第五主成分分别反映籽粒大小和第一分枝高度。品质性状4个主成分累计贡献率达89.4747%，品质性状中不同主成分间在油酸、含油率、蛋白质和硬脂酸含量上存在较大差异，其中，第一、二主成分分别反映油酸含量和含油率；第三、四主成分分别反映蛋白质和硬脂酸含量。分析结果表明：在影响红花单株生产力的性状中，首先应考虑植株高度，其次是有效分枝数、单株有效果球数、果球着粒数和千粒质量的选择。云南地方红花资源类型丰富、性状差异各具特点；第Ⅳ、Ⅴ类群为有增产潜力、丰产性好，综合农艺性状优良，可作为高产育种的目标亲本材料利用。品质特性：第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群为含油率高、亚油酸高、蛋白质高，是综合品质优良的材料，可作为红花品质选育的优质亲本材料。

关键词: 红花, 地方种质资源, 农艺性状, 品质性状, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract: To promote the improvement of safflower varieties and the efficient utilization of germplasm resources,reveal the characteristics of the excellent resources of safflower,and provide theoretical basis for the innovative utilization and improvement of safflower germplasm resources.The 40 local safflower germplasm resources in Yunnan Province were selected as the materials.The cluster analysis and principal component analysis of 18 traits were carried out by SPSS 18.0 software.The effects of quantitative traits of safflower on the productivity of individual plants were analyzed.At the same time,the quality traits were analyzed.40 resource materials were divided into five groups by cluster analysis,which indicated that there were significant specificities in agronomic traits and quality characteristics among different groups.18 traits were relatively independent and closely related.Among them,group Ⅳ was dwarf,with many branches,single-plant effect ball,1000-grain weight and single plant productivity; Group V is more branches,single plant had more effect balls,1000-grain weight and high productivity per plant.Principal component analysis transformed 12 quantitative traits into 5 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate was 86.7468%.Among them,the first principal component reflected the height of the plant,the second principal component reflected the yield component,and the third principal component reflected the size of the fruit ball.The fourth and fifth principal components respectively reflected the grain size and the first branch height.The cumulative contribution rate of the four principal components of quality traits was 89.4747%.There were significant differences in the oleic acid,oil content,protein and stearic acid content among the main components in the quality traits.The first and second principal components were respectively reflected oleic acid content and oil content; Third and fourth principal components reflected protein and stearic acid content,respectively.The results showed that in the traits affecting the productivity of safflower,the plant height should be considered first,followed by the number of effective branches,the number of effective balls per plant,the number of globules and the choice of 1000-grain weight.The local safflower resources in Yunnan were rich in variety and traits.The Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups had the potential of increasing yield,high yield and excellent agronomic traits,which could be used as the target parent material for high-yield breeding.Quality characteristics:Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ had high oil content,high linoleic acid and high protein.They were excellent quality materials and could be used as high quality parent materials for safflower breeding in quality improvement.

Key words: Safflower, Local germplasm resources, Agronomic traits, Quality traits, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis

中图分类号: 

• S682.03