摘要： 为了初步明确39份外引小麦种质中条锈病和白粉病抗性基因组成，利用共分离或紧密连锁的分子标记对抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10、Yr18和抗白粉病基因Pm4、Pm13、Pm21进行检测，同时结合田间鉴定，对外引种质的抗病性进行评价。结果表明，携带Yr18基因的种质有6份，对条锈病菌表现近免疫至中抗，抗性表现稳定；Yr5连锁标记S1320阳性的种质有21份，Yr10连锁标记SC₂₀₀阳性的种质有2份，但标记阳性的种质中抗病性表现不一致，可能跟载体品种的遗传背景有关，利用这些分子标记进行辅助育种时，要结合接种鉴定结果综合判断。Pm4基因基本丧失白粉病抗性，携带该基因的7份种质中仅有1份抗病。在39份种质中，均未检测到抗白粉病基因Pm13和Pm21。此外，有2份种质澳阿优1号和bermude兼具条锈病和白粉病抗性，综合抗病性好，在育种中可以合理利用。为小麦抗病育种亲本选择和种质资源的合理利用提供了参考依据。

关键词: 小麦, 抗病基因, 分子标记, 条锈病, 白粉病

Abstract: To preliminarily clarify the composition of the resistance genes to stripe rust and powdery mildew in 39 introduced wheat germplasms, co-segregated or tightly-linked markers were used to detect stripe rust resistance genes Yr5, Yr10 and Yr18, and powdery mildew resistance gene Pm4, Pm13 and Pm21. Simultaneously, the disease resistant level of these germplasms were evaluated in the field. The results indicated that there were 6 germplasms carrying Yr18, which showed stable stripe rust resistance and the reaction type was varied from near immune to middle resistance. 21 germplasms were Yr5 linked marker S1320 positive, and 2 ones were Yr10 linked marker SC₂₀₀ positive. These same marker positive germplasms showed differential disease resistant character, which might be associated with the genetic backgrounds of the carrier varieties. In assistant breeding, the detection results of these markers should be further confirmed by inoculation identification. The resistance of Pm4 to powdery mildew was almost lost, for only 1 of the 7 germplasms carrying Pm4 was of disease resistance. In all 39 germplasms, the powdery mildew resistance genes Pm13 and Pm21 could not be detected. Additionally, 2 germplasms Aoayou No.1 and bermude were of both resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew, which could be used appropriately in disease resistance breeding.The results would be helpful for parental selection and rational utilization of germplasm resources in wheat disease resistance breeding.

Key words: Wheat, Disease resistance genes, Molecular markers, Stripe rust, Powdery mildew

中图分类号: 

• S512.1