摘要： 为研究当前主推早熟棉品种（系）的遗传多样性与亲缘关系，为选育优质棉花品种提供亲本来源。在石家庄市农林科学研究院试验田和辛集市马兰农场棉花天然病圃内，对来自我国不同研究单位的103份主要早熟抗虫棉花品种（系），进行8个农艺性状指标，5项品质性状等指标进行统计分析。结果表明：大多数品种（系）生育期较早，株高适中，节位较低，体现了早熟棉的典型特性。霜前籽棉、霜前皮棉、籽棉总产和皮棉总产变异系数分别为30.15%，32.35%，24.28%，29.11%，遗传变异较大，农艺性状相关性分析表明果枝数与单株铃数呈极显著正相关，株高与烂铃数呈极显著负相关，果枝节位与果枝数、单株铃数和烂铃数都呈极显著负相关，果枝铃数与铃重呈负相关。纤维长度在中长绒范围，比强度较高，马克隆值偏粗。多类型的遗传变异为进一步培育新品种和选择变异提供了丰富的物质基础。

关键词: 早熟棉, 种质资源, 农艺性状, 遗传多样性

Abstract: To study the genetic diversity and phytogeny of early maturing cotton germplasms and select optimum parents for high-quality cotton breeding,we analyzed 8 agronomic traits and 5 fiber quality characters of 103 early maturing cotton germplasms from different ecotypes in China. The main results were as follows:All of these materials had the early maturing,low stem joints and moderate plant heights. The CV% of cotton yield and lint yield were 30.15%,32.25%,24.28%,29.11%,which showed a great genetic diversity in these traits. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between branch number and bell number per plant reached significant positive level and the correlation between fruit side and branch number, bell number per plant and number of rotten bell, number of bell per branch and bell weight all reached significant negative level.The fiber length was longer,strength was stronger the micronaire was a little higher.Abundant genetic diversity was found in these cotton germplasms used in this study and it was possible to select the elite germplasms from these materials for cotton breeding.

Key words: Early maturing cotton, Germplasms, Agronomic characteristics, Genetic diversity

中图分类号: 

• S562.03