摘要： 为研究长期高压节水施肥对果园土壤养分及酶活性的变化情况,在连续5年采用高压节水深层土壤施肥技术以后,以同一地块连续5年常规施肥处理为对照,分析了高压节水施肥技术和常规施肥技术对梨园0~60 cm土层内土壤有机质,氮磷钾含量及土壤酶活性的差异以及酶活性与土壤养分的相关性.高压节水深施技术能有效提高深层土壤(30~60 cm)氮和钾等养分含量,但对土壤有机质和有效磷影响不大;高压节水深施能显著提高浅层土壤(0~30 cm)脲酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶的活性,但对浅层中多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶影响不大;而对于较深层土壤(40~60 cm),所测定的蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶以及蔗糖酶活性处理组和对照常规施肥组无显著差异;多酚氧化酶活性在对照中极显著高于节水施肥组;脲酶活性在对照中的活性不管是表层土壤还是深层土壤中均显著低于节水施肥组.蛋白酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性与土壤全氮、速效钾和有机质呈显著或极显著正相关关系,与有效磷相关性不显著;过氧化氢酶在处理组中与全氮、速效钾、有机质和有效磷均极显著相关;但在对照中仅表现出与速效钾和有机质的极显著相关关系;多酚氧化酶与土壤养分在2组试验中均不显著相关.以梨园为例,由于节水深施,耕作对表层土壤的影响减少,土壤中的菌落分布层次往下推移,出现了新的分布形式.这一结果为高压节水深施技术的应用和进一步改良提供了理论依据.

关键词: 高压节水施肥, 梨园, 土壤养分, 酶活性

Abstract: In order to assay the impact of high-pressure water-saving deep fertilization on soil nutrient and enzyme activity,we detected the content of soil organic matter,nitrate,phosphorus,potassium,and enzyme activities in the depth of 0 to 60 cm soil layers after five years of high-pressure water-saving deep fertilization(HWSD)experiment in contrast with traditional watering and fertilization method(TWF).The results showed that the content of the soil nitrate,and potassium and enzyme activities increased at the depth of 30 to 60 cm with HWSD when compared with TWF,the organic matter and phosphorus did not change.The activities of urase,proteinase,sucrase were significantly higher in soil of 0 to 30 cm in depth with HWSD,while polyphenol oxidase and catalase in soil of both two drainage and fertilization way were in the same.In contrast,in the deeper layer(40 to 60 cm),proteinase,catalase and sucrase activity were same in both two treatment,but polyphenol oxidase activity were much higher in HWSD.Furthermore,urase always stayed at a relative lower level no matter which layer of soil in the TWF soil than that of HWSD soil.Correlation analysis between enzymatic activity and quantification of fertilizer ingredients indicated that proteinase,urase and sucrase activities demonstrate significantly positive correlation with total nitrate,potassium and organic matter in soil,but no with effective phosphorus.Catalase exhibits significant relationship with nitrate,potassium,phosphorus and organic matter in HWSD,but only had significant correlation to potassium and organic matter in TWF soils.Polyphenol oxidase had not any significant correlation to any fertilizer in both two experiments.Because of high-pressure water-saving deep fertilization,microorganisms shift lower levels in the soil to exhibit a new enzymatic pattern.These results could provide basic data for utilization and improvement for HWSD techniques.

Key words: High-pressure water-saving deep fertilization, Pear orchard, Soil organic matter, Enzymatic activity

中图分类号: 

• S661.2