摘要： 针对华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系存在过量的水、氮投入问题,本研究于2008-2010年在河北吴桥设置了传统水氮、传统水氮调整、节水减氮和最少水氮4个水氮模式,以分析减少水氮投入后冬小麦-夏玉米体系的产量、氮素利用和土壤氮残留情况。结果表明:与传统水氮相比,节水减氮模式的氮肥投入量下降55%,水分投入量下降36.6%,而产量与传统模式无显著差异;节水减氮模式下氮肥偏生产力为60.17 kg/kg,2 m土体土壤硝态氮残留量仅为99.3 kg/hm2。与传统水氮相比,周年施氮108 kg/hm2的最少水氮模式,周年总产量下降13%,氮肥偏生产力为78.96 kg/kg,土壤硝态氮残留量下降到42.8 kg/hm2。总体而言,与传统模式相比,节水减氮模式周年施氮270 kg/hm2,冬小麦季分别在拔节和开花期灌水,能够确保华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的较高产量,并降低土壤硝态氮残留。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米, 氮肥利用效率, 土壤硝态氮

Abstract: Over-input of water and nitrogen is a common problem of the winter wheat-summer maize system in the North China Plain,thus a field experiment was conducted to analysis the yield,nitrogen utilization and soil NO₃^-—N residue of this system after reduced resource input in Wuqiao of Hebei province in 2008-2010.Four treatments were included: Conventional input,Conventional input(Improvement),Reduced input and Least input respectively.Compared with Conventional input pattern,N fertilization input decreased 55% and water input decreased by 36.6% of Reduced input pattern,while there was no significant difference on the yield between two patterns.Under Reduced input pattern,the PFP was 60.17 kg/kg,soil NO₃^-—N residue was only 99.3 kg/ha in the 2 m soil profile.Under Least input pattern,the annual yield declined 13%,but nitrogen partial factor productivity was 1.78 kg/kg,soil NO₃^-—N residue was only 42.8 kg/ha in the 2 m soil profile.In conclusion,reduced input pattern with fertilization amount of 270 N kg /ha was applied in annually and irrigation at blooming and jointing stage in winter wheat season,could assure the yield of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system,and simultaneously improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil NO₃^-—N residue.

Key words: Winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, Nitrogen use efficiency, Soil nitrate nitrogen

中图分类号: 

• S143