摘要： 为了掌握多年生观赏草在北京地区的水分需求,2006年采用蒸散量反馈式灌溉方法,利用小型蒸渗仪研究了种观赏草野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅的蒸散规律.6-10月间,除10月外,种观赏草间的蒸散量存在显著差异;除蓝羊茅外.同一种观赏草不同月份间蒸散量差异显著,野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅6-10月的总蒸散量分别为812.8,62.26,52.02,333.9 mm.暖季型观赏草野古草和宽叶拂子茅9月蒸散量最高,冷季型观赏草细茎针茅和蓝羊茅7月蒸散量最高.根据2006年的实际降雨量,野古草和细茎针茅7-10月均需灌溉,宽叶拂子茅和蓝羊茅9、10月需灌溉,适宜灌溉总量分别为0.80,268.5,267.09,108.02mm.利用Penman-Monteith蒸散量经验模型计算各月的潜在蒸散量ET0,得出野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅6-10月的作物系数分别为0.63.2.15、0.6～1.8、0.38～1.6、0.56～0.77.根据实测蒸发皿的蒸发量计算出野古草、细茎针茅、宽叶拂子茅、蓝羊茅6-10月的需水系数分别为1.02～3.0、0.9～2.7、0.61～2.31、0.89～0.98.对估算灌溉量的影响因素进行了讨论.
关键词:
观赏草,
蒸散,
作物系数,
需水系数,
灌溉
Abstract: To evaluate the water requirement of perennial ornamental grasses in Beijing,the evapotranspiration of one2 year2old Arundinella hirta, Stipa tenuissima, Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca was measured in mini2lysime2 ters fromJune to October in 2006,based on evapotranspiration feedback irrigation. The evapotranspiration between different ornamental grasses differed significantly in every month except October. The evapotranspiration of the same ornamental grass in different months differed significantly except Festuca glauca. The total evapotranspiration of Arundinella tenuissima, Sti2 pa bungeana, Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca was respectively 812184,642126,524102 and 333149 mm. The highest evapatranspiration of warm2season Arundinella hirta and Calamagrostis brachytricha showed in Semptember,and which of cold2season Stipa tenuissima and Festuca glauca was in July. Combined with the fact rain fall in 2006,irrigation was necessary fromJuly to October for Arundinella hirta and Stipa tenuissima,and from September to October for Calama2 grostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca. The reasonable irrigation amount was respectively 440180,268145,267109 and 108102 mm.By means of Penman2Monteith equation,crop coefficients of Arundinella hirta, Stipa tenuissima, Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca fromJune to October were respectively 0163 — 2115,0164 — 1184,0138 — 1146 and 0156 — 0177.Based on the evaporation of evaporation pan,the water requirement coefficientsof Arundinella hirta, Stipa tenuissima, Calamagrostis brachytricha and Festuca glauca from June to October were respectively 1102 — 3140,0194 — 2147,0161 — 2131 and 0189 — 0198. The factors influencing irrigation amount evaluation were discussed.
Key words:
Ornamental grass,
Evapotranspiration,
Crop coefficients,
Water requirement coefficients,
Irrigation
中图分类号:
袁小环, 滕文军, 杨学军, 武菊英. 四种观赏草在北京地区的蒸散规律与适宜灌溉量研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2009, 24(3): 219-222. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2009.03.046.
YUAN Xiao huan, TENG Wen jun, YANG Xue jun, WU Ju ying. Evapotranspiration and Reasonable Irrigation Amount of Four Ornamental Grasses in Beijing[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2009, 24(3): 219-222. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2009.03.046.