摘要： 以黄土高原长期定位试验为基础,研究施一定量氮肥(90 kg/hm2)的前提下,长期施用磷肥对黄土高原旱作冬小麦的肥料效应。结果表明,长期施用磷肥的农田施磷仍能显著提高小麦的产量,增产量达1393.75~2121.00kg/hm2,增产率为48.41%~73.67%,本试验中施磷39.6 kg/hm2时小麦产量达最大值5000 kg/hm2,这与小麦成穗数最大时的施肥量结果一致;产量与施磷量关系用回归方程Y=-0.8667X2+82.641X+3008.4(R2=0.92)拟合效果良好;施磷主要是通过影响小麦成穗数来影响小麦产量,而对穗粒数和千粒重的促进作用不明显;施磷还可促进小麦对氮磷钾养分的吸收利用,提高肥料的肥效和利用率;施磷过少不能满足作物需求,小麦产量较低,施磷过多小麦产量不会随施肥量的增加继续提高,反而有一定幅度的下降。

关键词: 黄土高原, 小麦, 磷肥施用效应

Abstract: Based on the long??term fertilizat ion experiment of Loess Plateau, the effect of longterm P fertilization onwinter wheat yield was sudied under certain amount of N fertilier( 90 kg/ ha). The results showed that the yield of wheatwith P fert ilization is still increased obviously in the field with long??term P fert ilization. The wheat yield increased by1 393.75- 2 121.00 kg/ ha and 48.41% - 73.67% higher compared to the control treatment.The wheat yield reachedthe highest value 5 000 kg/ ha in the P treatment of 39??6 kg/ ha,which was consist with the value of P fertilization whenthe spike number was highest. The relationship between yield and the amount of P fertilizer application f it the regressionequation Y= - 0.866 7X2+ 82??641X + 3 008??4( R2= 0.92) well, P fertilizer mainly influenced the yield of wheat by changing spike number per ha, however, its?? impact on both of grains per spike and 1 000 grains yield was not obvious.The P fertilization can also promoted the absorption and utilization of N, P,K in wheat, and improved fertilizer efficiencyand fertilizer use efficiency.Too little P fertilizer can not meet the demand of crops and thewheat yield was low, the wheatyield will not contiue to raise with the increasing of amount of P fertilizer when excessive amount of P fertilizer was used,on the contrary, certain decrese happened.

Key words: Loess Plateau, Winter wheat, Effect of P fert ilization

中图分类号: 

• S143.2