摘要： 为研究成熟期氮素营养状况对烟叶质量形成的影响,采用套盆设计,在基质培养条件下,通过改变打顶后营养液供应来调控烤烟生长后期的氮素营养,探索成熟期不同氮素调亏程度对烟叶色素含量变化和香气物质及感官质量的影响。结果表明,随着成熟期氮素调亏程度的增加(0～100%),烟叶色素降解提早、含量降幅增大,烟叶成熟提前,调制后色素残留减少。其中,成熟期氮素供应量调至打顶前的1/4～1/2,叶片成熟落黄正常,烤后烟叶色素残留相对较少,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素降解产物及苯丙氨酸裂解产物类中性致香物质含量较高。氮素调亏程度过大时(100%),色素含量下降早,中性香气成分含量低;不进行氮素调亏或调亏程度过小的处理(0调亏,25%氮素调亏)叶片色素含量下降缓慢,调制后烟叶色素残留较多,降解不充分,中性香气成分含量较低。因此,成熟期氮素供应减少至打顶前的1/4～1/2,有利于烟叶香气物质的形成和质量的提高。
关键词:
烤烟,
成熟期,
氮素调亏,
质体色素,
中性香气成分
Abstract: Pot experiments were carried out in Central Henan to investigate the effect of nitrogen applying amount after topping on plasma pigment degradation and contents of neutral aroma components and sensory quality.Five nitrogen applying amounts were used representing different nitrogen deficit levels.The results showed that as the increase of nitrogen deficiency from 0 to 100%,the pigment degradation was hastened with increased degradation magnitude and early ripening,and the plasma pigment residues after flue-curing became reduced.When nitrogen applying amount after topping decreased to the levels of 1/4 to 1/2 of the nitrogen amount before topping,the tobacco matured at the right time with decent yellowing and remained less pigment residues after curing.The contents of neophytadiene,carotenoid catabolites,aromatic amino acid metabolites were also highest.For the treatment with nitrogen totally removed from the solution,the pigments degraded too early expressing signs of early ripening with low contents of aroma constituents in cured leaves.For the treatment with less degree of nitrogen deficiency and the no-nitrogen deficiency control,the pigment degradation were delayed with higher plasma pigment residues after flue-curing,also the contents of neutral aroma components were lower.Therefore,reduction of nitrogen applying amount at maturing stage to 1/4 to 1/2 of the pre-topping level was conducive to the formation of aroma and the increase of tobacco quality.
Key words:
Flue-cured tobacco,
Maturing stage,
Nitrogen deficiency,
Plasma pigment,
Neutral aroma component
中图分类号:
顾少龙, 史宏志, 苏菲, 李海江, 张大纯, 刘国顺, 张水翔, 钱华. 成熟期氮素调亏对烟叶质体色素降解和中性香气物质含量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2012, 27(5): 207-212. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.05.039.
GU Shao-long, SHI Hong-zhi, SU Fei, LI Hai-jiang, ZHANG Da-chun, LIU Guo-shun, ZHANG Shui-xiang, QIAN Hua. Effect of Nitrogen Deficiency Degree at Maturing Stage on Plasma Pigment Degradation and Aroma Component Contents and Sensory Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2012, 27(5): 207-212. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.05.039.